fs: lockless mntns lookup for nsfs

We already made the rbtree lookup lockless for the simple lookup case.
However, walking the list of mount namespaces via nsfs still happens
with taking the read lock blocking concurrent additions of new mount
namespaces pointlessly. Plus, such additions are rare anyway so allow
lockless lookup of the previous and next mount namespace by keeping a
separate list. This also allows to make some things simpler in the code.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241213-work-mount-rbtree-lockless-v3-5-6e3cdaf9b280@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>

fs/mount.h

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ struct mnt_namespace {
 	unsigned int		nr_mounts; /* # of mounts in the namespace */
 	unsigned int		pending_mounts;
 	struct rb_node		mnt_ns_tree_node; /* node in the mnt_ns_tree */
+	struct list_head	mnt_ns_list; /* entry in the sequential list of mounts namespace */
 	refcount_t		passive; /* number references not pinning @mounts */
 } __randomize_layout;
 
@@ -157,15 +158,9 @@ static inline void move_from_ns(struct mount *mnt, struct list_head *dt_list)
 }
 
 bool has_locked_children(struct mount *mnt, struct dentry *dentry);
-struct mnt_namespace *__lookup_next_mnt_ns(struct mnt_namespace *mnt_ns, bool previous);
-static inline struct mnt_namespace *lookup_next_mnt_ns(struct mnt_namespace *mntns)
-{
-	return __lookup_next_mnt_ns(mntns, false);
-}
-static inline struct mnt_namespace *lookup_prev_mnt_ns(struct mnt_namespace *mntns)
-{
-	return __lookup_next_mnt_ns(mntns, true);
-}
+struct mnt_namespace *get_sequential_mnt_ns(struct mnt_namespace *mnt_ns,
+					    bool previous);
+
 static inline struct mnt_namespace *to_mnt_ns(struct ns_common *ns)
 {
 	return container_of(ns, struct mnt_namespace, ns);

fs/namespace.c

@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ static DEFINE_RWLOCK(mnt_ns_tree_lock);
 static seqcount_rwlock_t mnt_ns_tree_seqcount = SEQCNT_RWLOCK_ZERO(mnt_ns_tree_seqcount, &mnt_ns_tree_lock);
 
 static struct rb_root mnt_ns_tree = RB_ROOT; /* protected by mnt_ns_tree_lock */
+static LIST_HEAD(mnt_ns_list); /* protected by mnt_ns_tree_lock */
 
 struct mount_kattr {
 	unsigned int attr_set;
@@ -142,10 +143,19 @@ static inline void mnt_ns_tree_write_unlock(void)
 
 static void mnt_ns_tree_add(struct mnt_namespace *ns)
 {
-	struct rb_node *node;
+	struct rb_node *node, *prev;
 
 	mnt_ns_tree_write_lock();
 	node = rb_find_add_rcu(&ns->mnt_ns_tree_node, &mnt_ns_tree, mnt_ns_cmp);
+	/*
+	 * If there's no previous entry simply add it after the
+	 * head and if there is add it after the previous entry.
+	 */
+	prev = rb_prev(&ns->mnt_ns_tree_node);
+	if (!prev)
+		list_add_rcu(&ns->mnt_ns_list, &mnt_ns_list);
+	else
+		list_add_rcu(&ns->mnt_ns_list, &node_to_mnt_ns(prev)->mnt_ns_list);
 	mnt_ns_tree_write_unlock();
 
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(node);
@@ -174,6 +184,7 @@ static void mnt_ns_tree_remove(struct mnt_namespace *ns)
 	if (!is_anon_ns(ns)) {
 		mnt_ns_tree_write_lock();
 		rb_erase(&ns->mnt_ns_tree_node, &mnt_ns_tree);
+		list_bidir_del_rcu(&ns->mnt_ns_list);
 		mnt_ns_tree_write_unlock();
 	}
 
@@ -2088,30 +2099,34 @@ struct ns_common *from_mnt_ns(struct mnt_namespace *mnt)
 	return &mnt->ns;
 }
 
-struct mnt_namespace *__lookup_next_mnt_ns(struct mnt_namespace *mntns, bool previous)
+struct mnt_namespace *get_sequential_mnt_ns(struct mnt_namespace *mntns, bool previous)
 {
-	guard(read_lock)(&mnt_ns_tree_lock);
+	guard(rcu)();
+
 	for (;;) {
-		struct rb_node *node;
+		struct list_head *list;
 
 		if (previous)
-			node = rb_prev(&mntns->mnt_ns_tree_node);
+			list = rcu_dereference(list_bidir_prev_rcu(&mntns->mnt_ns_list));
 		else
-			node = rb_next(&mntns->mnt_ns_tree_node);
-		if (!node)
+			list = rcu_dereference(list_next_rcu(&mntns->mnt_ns_list));
+		if (list_is_head(list, &mnt_ns_list))
 			return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
 
-		mntns = node_to_mnt_ns(node);
-		node = &mntns->mnt_ns_tree_node;
+		mntns = list_entry_rcu(list, struct mnt_namespace, mnt_ns_list);
 
+		/*
+		 * The last passive reference count is put with RCU
+		 * delay so accessing the mount namespace is not just
+		 * safe but all relevant members are still valid.
+		 */
 		if (!ns_capable_noaudit(mntns->user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
 			continue;
 
 		/*
-		 * Holding mnt_ns_tree_lock prevents the mount namespace from
-		 * being freed but it may well be on it's deathbed. We want an
-		 * active reference, not just a passive one here as we're
-		 * persisting the mount namespace.
+		 * We need an active reference count as we're persisting
+		 * the mount namespace and it might already be on its
+		 * deathbed.
 		 */
 		if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&mntns->ns.count))
 			continue;
@@ -3928,6 +3943,7 @@ static struct mnt_namespace *alloc_mnt_ns(struct user_namespace *user_ns, bool a
 	refcount_set(&new_ns->ns.count, 1);
 	refcount_set(&new_ns->passive, 1);
 	new_ns->mounts = RB_ROOT;
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new_ns->mnt_ns_list);
 	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&new_ns->mnt_ns_tree_node);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&new_ns->poll);
 	new_ns->user_ns = get_user_ns(user_ns);

fs/nsfs.c

@@ -274,10 +274,7 @@ static long ns_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int ioctl,
 		if (usize < MNT_NS_INFO_SIZE_VER0)
 			return -EINVAL;
 
-		if (previous)
-			mnt_ns = lookup_prev_mnt_ns(to_mnt_ns(ns));
-		else
-			mnt_ns = lookup_next_mnt_ns(to_mnt_ns(ns));
+		mnt_ns = get_sequential_mnt_ns(to_mnt_ns(ns), previous);
 		if (IS_ERR(mnt_ns))
 			return PTR_ERR(mnt_ns);