mnt: Make propagate_umount less slow for overlapping mount propagation trees

Andrei Vagin pointed out that time to executue propagate_umount can go
non-linear (and take a ludicrious amount of time) when the mount
propogation trees of the mounts to be unmunted by a lazy unmount
overlap.

Make the walk of the mount propagation trees nearly linear by
remembering which mounts have already been visited, allowing
subsequent walks to detect when walking a mount propgation tree or a
subtree of a mount propgation tree would be duplicate work and to skip
them entirely.

Walk the list of mounts whose propgatation trees need to be traversed
from the mount highest in the mount tree to mounts lower in the mount
tree so that odds are higher that the code will walk the largest trees
first, allowing later tree walks to be skipped entirely.

Add cleanup_umount_visitation to remover the code's memory of which
mounts have been visited.

Add the functions last_slave and skip_propagation_subtree to allow
skipping appropriate parts of the mount propagation tree without
needing to change the logic of the rest of the code.

A script to generate overlapping mount propagation trees:

$ cat runs.h
set -e
mount -t tmpfs zdtm /mnt
mkdir -p /mnt/1 /mnt/2
mount -t tmpfs zdtm /mnt/1
mount --make-shared /mnt/1
mkdir /mnt/1/1

iteration=10
if [ -n "$1" ] ; then
	iteration=$1
fi

for i in $(seq $iteration); do
	mount --bind /mnt/1/1 /mnt/1/1
done

mount --rbind /mnt/1 /mnt/2

TIMEFORMAT='%Rs'
nr=$(( ( 2 ** ( $iteration + 1 ) ) + 1 ))
echo -n "umount -l /mnt/1 -> $nr        "
time umount -l /mnt/1

nr=$(cat /proc/self/mountinfo | grep zdtm | wc -l )
time umount -l /mnt/2

$ for i in $(seq 9 19); do echo $i; unshare -Urm bash ./run.sh $i; done

Here are the performance numbers with and without the patch:

     mhash |  8192   |  8192  | 1048576 | 1048576
    mounts | before  | after  |  before | after
    ------------------------------------------------
      1025 |  0.040s | 0.016s |  0.038s | 0.019s
      2049 |  0.094s | 0.017s |  0.080s | 0.018s
      4097 |  0.243s | 0.019s |  0.206s | 0.023s
      8193 |  1.202s | 0.028s |  1.562s | 0.032s
     16385 |  9.635s | 0.036s |  9.952s | 0.041s
     32769 | 60.928s | 0.063s | 44.321s | 0.064s
     65537 |         | 0.097s |         | 0.097s
    131073 |         | 0.233s |         | 0.176s
    262145 |         | 0.653s |         | 0.344s
    524289 |         | 2.305s |         | 0.735s
   1048577 |         | 7.107s |         | 2.603s

Andrei Vagin reports fixing the performance problem is part of the
work to fix CVE-2016-6213.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: a05964f391 ("[PATCH] shared mounts handling: umount")
Reported-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrei Vagin <avagin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

fs/pnode.c

@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ static inline struct mount *first_slave(struct mount *p)
 	return list_entry(p->mnt_slave_list.next, struct mount, mnt_slave);
 }
 
+static inline struct mount *last_slave(struct mount *p)
+{
+	return list_entry(p->mnt_slave_list.prev, struct mount, mnt_slave);
+}
+
 static inline struct mount *next_slave(struct mount *p)
 {
 	return list_entry(p->mnt_slave.next, struct mount, mnt_slave);
@@ -162,6 +167,19 @@ static struct mount *propagation_next(struct mount *m,
 	}
 }
 
+static struct mount *skip_propagation_subtree(struct mount *m,
+						struct mount *origin)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Advance m such that propagation_next will not return
+	 * the slaves of m.
+	 */
+	if (!IS_MNT_NEW(m) && !list_empty(&m->mnt_slave_list))
+		m = last_slave(m);
+
+	return m;
+}
+
 static struct mount *next_group(struct mount *m, struct mount *origin)
 {
 	while (1) {
@@ -505,6 +523,15 @@ static void restore_mounts(struct list_head *to_restore)
 	}
 }
 
+static void cleanup_umount_visitations(struct list_head *visited)
+{
+	while (!list_empty(visited)) {
+		struct mount *mnt =
+			list_first_entry(visited, struct mount, mnt_umounting);
+		list_del_init(&mnt->mnt_umounting);
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * collect all mounts that receive propagation from the mount in @list,
  * and return these additional mounts in the same list.
@@ -517,11 +544,23 @@ int propagate_umount(struct list_head *list)
 	struct mount *mnt;
 	LIST_HEAD(to_restore);
 	LIST_HEAD(to_umount);
+	LIST_HEAD(visited);
 
-	list_for_each_entry(mnt, list, mnt_list) {
+	/* Find candidates for unmounting */
+	list_for_each_entry_reverse(mnt, list, mnt_list) {
 		struct mount *parent = mnt->mnt_parent;
 		struct mount *m;
 
+		/*
+		 * If this mount has already been visited it is known that it's
+		 * entire peer group and all of their slaves in the propagation
+		 * tree for the mountpoint has already been visited and there is
+		 * no need to visit them again.
+		 */
+		if (!list_empty(&mnt->mnt_umounting))
+			continue;
+
+		list_add_tail(&mnt->mnt_umounting, &visited);
 		for (m = propagation_next(parent, parent); m;
 		     m = propagation_next(m, parent)) {
 			struct mount *child = __lookup_mnt(&m->mnt,
@@ -529,6 +568,27 @@ int propagate_umount(struct list_head *list)
 			if (!child)
 				continue;
 
+			if (!list_empty(&child->mnt_umounting)) {
+				/*
+				 * If the child has already been visited it is
+				 * know that it's entire peer group and all of
+				 * their slaves in the propgation tree for the
+				 * mountpoint has already been visited and there
+				 * is no need to visit this subtree again.
+				 */
+				m = skip_propagation_subtree(m, parent);
+				continue;
+			} else if (child->mnt.mnt_flags & MNT_UMOUNT) {
+				/*
+				 * We have come accross an partially unmounted
+				 * mount in list that has not been visited yet.
+				 * Remember it has been visited and continue
+				 * about our merry way.
+				 */
+				list_add_tail(&child->mnt_umounting, &visited);
+				continue;
+			}
+
 			/* Check the child and parents while progress is made */
 			while (__propagate_umount(child,
 						  &to_umount, &to_restore)) {
@@ -542,6 +602,7 @@ int propagate_umount(struct list_head *list)
 
 	umount_list(&to_umount, &to_restore);
 	restore_mounts(&to_restore);
+	cleanup_umount_visitations(&visited);
 	list_splice_tail(&to_umount, list);
 
 	return 0;