w1: add UART w1 bus driver

Add a UART 1-Wire bus driver. The driver utilizes the UART interface via
the Serial Device Bus to create the 1-Wire timing patterns. The driver
was tested on a "Raspberry Pi 3B" with a DS18B20 and on a "Variscite
DART-6UL" with a DS18S20 temperature sensor.

The 1-Wire timing pattern and the corresponding UART baud-rate with the
interpretation of the transferred bytes are described in the document:

Link: https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/using-a-uart-to-implement-a-1wire-bus-master.html

In short, the UART peripheral must support full-duplex and operate in
open-drain mode. The timing patterns are generated by a specific
combination of baud-rate and transmitted byte, which corresponds to a
1-Wire read bit, write bit or reset.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Winklhofer <cj.winklhofer@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240214-w1-uart-v7-3-6e21fa24e066@gmail.com
[krzysztof: w1_uart_serdev_receive_buf() return type fixup]
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@linaro.org>

Documentation/w1/masters/index.rst

@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@
    mxc-w1
    omap-hdq
    w1-gpio
+   w1-uart

Documentation/w1/masters/w1-uart.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+=====================
+Kernel driver w1-uart
+=====================
+
+Author: Christoph Winklhofer <cj.winklhofer@gmail.com>
+
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+UART 1-Wire bus driver. The driver utilizes the UART interface via the
+Serial Device Bus to create the 1-Wire timing patterns as described in
+the document `"Using a UART to Implement a 1-Wire Bus Master"`_.
+
+.. _"Using a UART to Implement a 1-Wire Bus Master": https://www.analog.com/en/technical-articles/using-a-uart-to-implement-a-1wire-bus-master.html
+
+In short, the UART peripheral must support full-duplex and operate in
+open-drain mode. The timing patterns are generated by a specific
+combination of baud-rate and transmitted byte, which corresponds to a
+1-Wire read bit, write bit or reset pulse.
+
+For instance the timing pattern for a 1-Wire reset and presence detect uses
+the baud-rate 9600, i.e. 104.2 us per bit. The transmitted byte 0xf0 over
+UART (least significant bit first, start-bit low) sets the reset low time
+for 1-Wire to 521 us. A present 1-Wire device changes the received byte by
+pulling the line low, which is used by the driver to evaluate the result of
+the 1-Wire operation.
+
+Similar for a 1-Wire read bit or write bit, which uses the baud-rate
+115200, i.e. 8.7 us per bit. The transmitted byte 0x80 is used for a
+Write-0 operation (low time 69.6us) and the byte 0xff for Read-0, Read-1
+and Write-1 (low time 8.7us).
+
+The default baud-rate for reset and presence detection is 9600 and for
+a 1-Wire read or write operation 115200. In case the actual baud-rate
+is different from the requested one, the transmitted byte is adapted
+to generate the 1-Wire timing patterns.
+
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+Specify the UART 1-wire bus in the device tree by adding the single child
+onewire to the serial node (e.g. uart0). For example:
+::
+
+  @uart0 {
+    ...
+    onewire {
+      compatible = "w1-uart";
+    };
+  };

drivers/w1/masters/Kconfig

@@ -78,5 +78,15 @@ config W1_MASTER_SGI
 	  This support is also available as a module.  If so, the module
 	  will be called sgi_w1.
 
+config W1_MASTER_UART
+	tristate "UART 1-wire driver"
+	depends on SERIAL_DEV_BUS
+	help
+	  Say Y here if you want to communicate with your 1-wire devices using
+	  UART interface.
+
+	  This support is also available as a module.  If so, the module
+	  will be called w1-uart.
+
 endmenu
 

drivers/w1/masters/Makefile

@@ -12,3 +12,4 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_W1_MASTER_MXC)		+= mxc_w1.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_W1_MASTER_GPIO)		+= w1-gpio.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_HDQ_MASTER_OMAP)		+= omap_hdq.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_W1_MASTER_SGI)		+= sgi_w1.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_W1_MASTER_UART)		+= w1-uart.o

drivers/w1/masters/w1-uart.c

@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * w1-uart - UART 1-Wire bus driver
+ *
+ * Uses the UART interface (via Serial Device Bus) to create the 1-Wire
+ * timing patterns. Implements the following 1-Wire master interface:
+ *
+ * - reset_bus: requests baud-rate 9600
+ *
+ * - touch_bit: requests baud-rate 115200
+ *
+ * Author: Christoph Winklhofer <cj.winklhofer@gmail.com>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/completion.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/jiffies.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/of.h>
+#include <linux/serdev.h>
+#include <linux/w1.h>
+
+/* UART packet contains start and stop bit */
+#define W1_UART_BITS_PER_PACKET (BITS_PER_BYTE + 2)
+
+/* Timeout to wait for completion of serdev-receive */
+#define W1_UART_TIMEOUT msecs_to_jiffies(500)
+
+/**
+ * struct w1_uart_config - configuration for 1-Wire operation
+ * @baudrate: baud-rate returned from serdev
+ * @delay_us: delay to complete a 1-Wire cycle (in us)
+ * @tx_byte: byte to generate 1-Wire timing pattern
+ */
+struct w1_uart_config {
+	unsigned int baudrate;
+	unsigned int delay_us;
+	u8 tx_byte;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct w1_uart_device - 1-Wire UART device structure
+ * @serdev: serial device
+ * @bus: w1-bus master
+ * @cfg_reset: config for 1-Wire reset
+ * @cfg_touch_0: config for 1-Wire write-0 cycle
+ * @cfg_touch_1: config for 1-Wire write-1 and read cycle
+ * @rx_byte_received: completion for serdev receive
+ * @rx_mutex: mutex to protect rx_err and rx_byte
+ * @rx_err: indicates an error in serdev-receive
+ * @rx_byte: result byte from serdev-receive
+ */
+struct w1_uart_device {
+	struct serdev_device *serdev;
+	struct w1_bus_master bus;
+
+	struct w1_uart_config cfg_reset;
+	struct w1_uart_config cfg_touch_0;
+	struct w1_uart_config cfg_touch_1;
+
+	struct completion rx_byte_received;
+	/*
+	 * protect rx_err and rx_byte from concurrent access in
+	 * w1-callbacks and serdev-receive.
+	 */
+	struct mutex rx_mutex;
+	int rx_err;
+	u8 rx_byte;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct w1_uart_limits - limits for 1-Wire operations
+ * @baudrate: Requested baud-rate to create 1-Wire timing pattern
+ * @bit_min_us: minimum time for a bit (in us)
+ * @bit_max_us: maximum time for a bit (in us)
+ * @sample_us: timespan to sample 1-Wire response
+ * @cycle_us: duration of the 1-Wire cycle
+ */
+struct w1_uart_limits {
+	unsigned int baudrate;
+	unsigned int bit_min_us;
+	unsigned int bit_max_us;
+	unsigned int sample_us;
+	unsigned int cycle_us;
+};
+
+static inline unsigned int baud_to_bit_ns(unsigned int baud)
+{
+	return NSEC_PER_SEC / baud;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int to_ns(unsigned int us)
+{
+	return us * NSEC_PER_USEC;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set baud-rate, delay and tx-byte to create a 1-Wire pulse and adapt
+ * the tx-byte according to the actual baud-rate.
+ *
+ * Reject when:
+ * - time for a bit outside min/max range
+ * - a 1-Wire response is not detectable for sent byte
+ */
+static int w1_uart_set_config(struct serdev_device *serdev,
+			      const struct w1_uart_limits *limits,
+			      struct w1_uart_config *w1cfg)
+{
+	unsigned int packet_ns;
+	unsigned int bits_low;
+	unsigned int bit_ns;
+	unsigned int low_ns;
+
+	w1cfg->baudrate = serdev_device_set_baudrate(serdev, limits->baudrate);
+	if (w1cfg->baudrate == 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Compute in nanoseconds for accuracy */
+	bit_ns = baud_to_bit_ns(w1cfg->baudrate);
+	bits_low = to_ns(limits->bit_min_us) / bit_ns;
+	/* start bit is always low */
+	low_ns = bit_ns * (bits_low + 1);
+
+	if (low_ns < to_ns(limits->bit_min_us))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (low_ns > to_ns(limits->bit_max_us))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* 1-Wire response detectable for sent byte */
+	if (limits->sample_us > 0 &&
+	    bit_ns * BITS_PER_BYTE < low_ns + to_ns(limits->sample_us))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* delay: 1-Wire cycle takes longer than the UART packet */
+	packet_ns = bit_ns * W1_UART_BITS_PER_PACKET;
+	w1cfg->delay_us = 0;
+	if (to_ns(limits->cycle_us) > packet_ns)
+		w1cfg->delay_us =
+			(to_ns(limits->cycle_us) - packet_ns) / NSEC_PER_USEC;
+
+	/* byte to create 1-Wire pulse */
+	w1cfg->tx_byte = 0xff << bits_low;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Configuration for reset and presence detect
+ * - bit_min_us is 480us, add margin and use 485us
+ * - limits for sample time 60us-75us, use 65us
+ */
+static int w1_uart_set_config_reset(struct w1_uart_device *w1dev)
+{
+	struct serdev_device *serdev = w1dev->serdev;
+	struct device_node *np = serdev->dev.of_node;
+
+	struct w1_uart_limits limits = { .baudrate = 9600,
+					 .bit_min_us = 485,
+					 .bit_max_us = 640,
+					 .sample_us = 65,
+					 .cycle_us = 960 };
+
+	of_property_read_u32(np, "reset-bps", &limits.baudrate);
+
+	return w1_uart_set_config(serdev, &limits, &w1dev->cfg_reset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Configuration for write-0 cycle (touch bit 0)
+ * - bit_min_us is 60us, add margin and use 65us
+ * - no sampling required, sample_us = 0
+ */
+static int w1_uart_set_config_touch_0(struct w1_uart_device *w1dev)
+{
+	struct serdev_device *serdev = w1dev->serdev;
+	struct device_node *np = serdev->dev.of_node;
+
+	struct w1_uart_limits limits = { .baudrate = 115200,
+					 .bit_min_us = 65,
+					 .bit_max_us = 120,
+					 .sample_us = 0,
+					 .cycle_us = 70 };
+
+	of_property_read_u32(np, "write-0-bps", &limits.baudrate);
+
+	return w1_uart_set_config(serdev, &limits, &w1dev->cfg_touch_0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Configuration for write-1 and read cycle (touch bit 1)
+ * - bit_min_us is 5us, add margin and use 6us
+ * - limits for sample time 5us-15us, use 15us
+ */
+static int w1_uart_set_config_touch_1(struct w1_uart_device *w1dev)
+{
+	struct serdev_device *serdev = w1dev->serdev;
+	struct device_node *np = serdev->dev.of_node;
+
+	struct w1_uart_limits limits = { .baudrate = 115200,
+					 .bit_min_us = 6,
+					 .bit_max_us = 15,
+					 .sample_us = 15,
+					 .cycle_us = 70 };
+
+	of_property_read_u32(np, "write-1-bps", &limits.baudrate);
+
+	return w1_uart_set_config(serdev, &limits, &w1dev->cfg_touch_1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Configure and open the serial device
+ */
+static int w1_uart_serdev_open(struct w1_uart_device *w1dev)
+{
+	struct serdev_device *serdev = w1dev->serdev;
+	struct device *dev = &serdev->dev;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = devm_serdev_device_open(dev, serdev);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = serdev_device_set_parity(serdev, SERDEV_PARITY_NONE);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		dev_err(dev, "set parity failed\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = w1_uart_set_config_reset(w1dev);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		dev_err(dev, "config for reset failed\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = w1_uart_set_config_touch_0(w1dev);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		dev_err(dev, "config for touch-0 failed\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret = w1_uart_set_config_touch_1(w1dev);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		dev_err(dev, "config for touch-1 failed\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	serdev_device_set_flow_control(serdev, false);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Send one byte (tx_byte) and read one byte (rx_byte) via serdev.
+ */
+static int w1_uart_serdev_tx_rx(struct w1_uart_device *w1dev,
+				const struct w1_uart_config *w1cfg, u8 *rx_byte)
+{
+	struct serdev_device *serdev = w1dev->serdev;
+	int ret;
+
+	serdev_device_write_flush(serdev);
+	serdev_device_set_baudrate(serdev, w1cfg->baudrate);
+
+	/* write and immediately read one byte */
+	reinit_completion(&w1dev->rx_byte_received);
+	ret = serdev_device_write_buf(serdev, &w1cfg->tx_byte, 1);
+	if (ret != 1)
+		return -EIO;
+	ret = wait_for_completion_interruptible_timeout(
+		&w1dev->rx_byte_received, W1_UART_TIMEOUT);
+	if (ret <= 0)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	/* locking could fail when serdev is unexpectedly receiving. */
+	if (!mutex_trylock(&w1dev->rx_mutex))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	ret = w1dev->rx_err;
+	if (ret == 0)
+		*rx_byte = w1dev->rx_byte;
+
+	mutex_unlock(&w1dev->rx_mutex);
+
+	if (w1cfg->delay_us > 0)
+		fsleep(w1cfg->delay_us);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static size_t w1_uart_serdev_receive_buf(struct serdev_device *serdev,
+					  const u8 *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	struct w1_uart_device *w1dev = serdev_device_get_drvdata(serdev);
+
+	mutex_lock(&w1dev->rx_mutex);
+
+	/* sent a single byte and receive one single byte */
+	if (count == 1) {
+		w1dev->rx_byte = buf[0];
+		w1dev->rx_err = 0;
+	} else {
+		w1dev->rx_err = -EIO;
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&w1dev->rx_mutex);
+	complete(&w1dev->rx_byte_received);
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+static const struct serdev_device_ops w1_uart_serdev_ops = {
+	.receive_buf = w1_uart_serdev_receive_buf,
+	.write_wakeup = serdev_device_write_wakeup,
+};
+
+/*
+ * 1-wire reset and presence detect: A present slave will manipulate
+ * the received byte by pulling the 1-Wire low.
+ */
+static u8 w1_uart_reset_bus(void *data)
+{
+	struct w1_uart_device *w1dev = data;
+	const struct w1_uart_config *w1cfg = &w1dev->cfg_reset;
+	int ret;
+	u8 val;
+
+	ret = w1_uart_serdev_tx_rx(w1dev, w1cfg, &val);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Device present (0) or no device (1) */
+	return val != w1cfg->tx_byte ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * 1-Wire read and write cycle: Only the read-0 manipulates the
+ * received byte, all others left the line untouched.
+ */
+static u8 w1_uart_touch_bit(void *data, u8 bit)
+{
+	struct w1_uart_device *w1dev = data;
+	const struct w1_uart_config *w1cfg = bit ? &w1dev->cfg_touch_1 :
+						   &w1dev->cfg_touch_0;
+	int ret;
+	u8 val;
+
+	ret = w1_uart_serdev_tx_rx(w1dev, w1cfg, &val);
+
+	/* return inactive bus state on error */
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return 1;
+
+	return val == w1cfg->tx_byte ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static int w1_uart_probe(struct serdev_device *serdev)
+{
+	struct device *dev = &serdev->dev;
+	struct w1_uart_device *w1dev;
+	int ret;
+
+	w1dev = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*w1dev), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!w1dev)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	w1dev->bus.data = w1dev;
+	w1dev->bus.reset_bus = w1_uart_reset_bus;
+	w1dev->bus.touch_bit = w1_uart_touch_bit;
+	w1dev->serdev = serdev;
+
+	init_completion(&w1dev->rx_byte_received);
+	mutex_init(&w1dev->rx_mutex);
+
+	ret = w1_uart_serdev_open(w1dev);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+	serdev_device_set_drvdata(serdev, w1dev);
+	serdev_device_set_client_ops(serdev, &w1_uart_serdev_ops);
+
+	return w1_add_master_device(&w1dev->bus);
+}
+
+static void w1_uart_remove(struct serdev_device *serdev)
+{
+	struct w1_uart_device *w1dev = serdev_device_get_drvdata(serdev);
+
+	/*
+	 * Waits until w1-uart callbacks are finished, serdev is closed
+	 * and its device data released automatically by devres (waits
+	 * until serdev-receive is finished).
+	 */
+	w1_remove_master_device(&w1dev->bus);
+}
+
+static const struct of_device_id w1_uart_of_match[] = {
+	{ .compatible = "w1-uart" },
+	{},
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, w1_uart_of_match);
+
+static struct serdev_device_driver w1_uart_driver = {
+	.driver	= {
+		.name		= "w1-uart",
+		.of_match_table = w1_uart_of_match,
+	},
+	.probe	= w1_uart_probe,
+	.remove	= w1_uart_remove,
+};
+
+module_serdev_device_driver(w1_uart_driver);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("UART w1 bus driver");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Christoph Winklhofer <cj.winklhofer@gmail.com>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");