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Documentation: admin-guide: correct spelling
Correct spelling problems for Documentation/admin-guide/ as reported by codespell. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Mukesh Ojha <quic_mojha@quicinc.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan.x@bytedance.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: cgroups@vger.kernel.org Cc: Alasdair Kergon <agk@redhat.com> Cc: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@kernel.org> Cc: dm-devel@redhat.com Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org> Cc: linux-media@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230129231053.20863-2-rdunlap@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
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Randy Dunlap
Jonathan Corbet
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@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ For example::
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This should present your unmodified backing device data in /dev/loop0
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If your cache is in writethrough mode, then you can safely discard the
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cache device without loosing data.
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cache device without losing data.
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E) Wiping a cache device
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@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Proportional weight policy files
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see Documentation/block/bfq-iosched.rst.
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blkio.bfq.weight_device
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Specifes per cgroup per device weights, overriding the default group
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Specifies per cgroup per device weights, overriding the default group
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weight. For more details, see Documentation/block/bfq-iosched.rst.
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Following is the format::
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@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ and is an example of this type.
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Limits
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------
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A child can only consume upto the configured amount of the resource.
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A child can only consume up to the configured amount of the resource.
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Limits can be over-committed - the sum of the limits of children can
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exceed the amount of resource available to the parent.
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@ -639,11 +639,11 @@ on an IO device and is an example of this type.
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Protections
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-----------
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A cgroup is protected upto the configured amount of the resource
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A cgroup is protected up to the configured amount of the resource
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as long as the usages of all its ancestors are under their
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protected levels. Protections can be hard guarantees or best effort
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soft boundaries. Protections can also be over-committed in which case
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only upto the amount available to the parent is protected among
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only up to the amount available to the parent is protected among
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children.
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Protections are in the range [0, max] and defaults to 0, which is
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@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ All time durations are in microseconds.
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$MAX $PERIOD
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which indicates that the group may consume upto $MAX in each
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which indicates that the group may consume up to $MAX in each
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$PERIOD duration. "max" for $MAX indicates no limit. If only
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one number is written, $MAX is updated.
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@ -2289,7 +2289,7 @@ Cpuset Interface Files
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For a valid partition root with the sibling cpu exclusivity
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rule enabled, changes made to "cpuset.cpus" that violate the
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exclusivity rule will invalidate the partition as well as its
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sibiling partitions with conflicting cpuset.cpus values. So
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sibling partitions with conflicting cpuset.cpus values. So
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care must be taking in changing "cpuset.cpus".
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A valid non-root parent partition may distribute out all its CPUs
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@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ A partial list of the supported mount options follows:
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sep
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if first mount option (after the -o), overrides
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the comma as the separator between the mount
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parms. e.g.::
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parameters. e.g.::
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-o user=myname,password=mypassword,domain=mydom
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@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ cifsFYI If set to non-zero value, additional debug information
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Some debugging statements are not compiled into the
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cifs kernel unless CONFIG_CIFS_DEBUG2 is enabled in the
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kernel configuration. cifsFYI may be set to one or
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nore of the following flags (7 sets them all)::
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more of the following flags (7 sets them all)::
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+-----------------------------------------------+------+
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| log cifs informational messages | 0x01 |
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@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ the entries (each hotspot block covers a larger area than a single
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cache block).
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All this means smq uses ~25bytes per cache block. Still a lot of
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memory, but a substantial improvement nontheless.
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memory, but a substantial improvement nonetheless.
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Level balancing
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Mandatory parameters:
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Optional parameter:
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<underyling sectors>:
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<underlying sectors>:
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Number of sectors defining the logical block size of <dev path>.
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2^N supported, e.g. 8 = emulate 8 sectors of 512 bytes = 4KiB.
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If not provided, the logical block size of <dev path> will be used.
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@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ just like conventional zones.
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The zones of the device(s) are separated into 2 types:
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1) Metadata zones: these are conventional zones used to store metadata.
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Metadata zones are not reported as useable capacity to the user.
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Metadata zones are not reported as usable capacity to the user.
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2) Data zones: all remaining zones, the vast majority of which will be
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sequential zones used exclusively to store user data. The conventional
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@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ An example of undoing an existing dm-stripe
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This small bash script will setup 4 loop devices and use the existing
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striped target to combine the 4 devices into one. It then will use
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the unstriped target ontop of the striped device to access the
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the unstriped target on top of the striped device to access the
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individual backing loop devices. We write data to the newly exposed
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unstriped devices and verify the data written matches the correct
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underlying device on the striped array::
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@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ to get a 92% reduction in read latency using this device mapper target.
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Example dmsetup usage
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=====================
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unstriped ontop of Intel NVMe device that has 2 cores
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-----------------------------------------------------
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unstriped on top of Intel NVMe device that has 2 cores
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------------------------------------------------------
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::
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@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ respectively::
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/dev/mapper/nvmset0
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/dev/mapper/nvmset1
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unstriped ontop of striped with 4 drives using 128K chunk size
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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unstriped on top of striped with 4 drives using 128K chunk size
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---------------------------------------------------------------
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::
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@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ Examples
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// boot-args example, with newlines and comments for readability
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Kernel command line: ...
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// see whats going on in dyndbg=value processing
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// see what's going on in dyndbg=value processing
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dynamic_debug.verbose=3
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// enable pr_debugs in the btrfs module (can be builtin or loadable)
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btrfs.dyndbg="+p"
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@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Each simulated GPIO chip creates a separate sysfs group under its device
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directory for each exposed line
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(e.g. ``/sys/devices/platform/gpio-sim.X/gpiochipY/``). The name of each group
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is of the form: ``'sim_gpioX'`` where X is the offset of the line. Inside each
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group there are two attibutes:
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group there are two attributes:
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``pull`` - allows to read and set the current simulated pull setting for
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every line, when writing the value must be one of: ``'pull-up'``,
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@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ architecture section: :ref:`Documentation/x86/mds.rst <mds>`.
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Attack scenarios
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----------------
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Attacks against the MDS vulnerabilities can be mounted from malicious non
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priviledged user space applications running on hosts or guest. Malicious
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Attacks against the MDS vulnerabilities can be mounted from malicious non-
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privileged user space applications running on hosts or guest. Malicious
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guest OSes can obviously mount attacks as well.
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Contrary to other speculation based vulnerabilities the MDS vulnerability
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@ -670,7 +670,7 @@
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Sets the size of kernel per-numa memory area for
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contiguous memory allocations. A value of 0 disables
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per-numa CMA altogether. And If this option is not
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specificed, the default value is 0.
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specified, the default value is 0.
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With per-numa CMA enabled, DMA users on node nid will
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first try to allocate buffer from the pernuma area
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which is located in node nid, if the allocation fails,
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@ -942,7 +942,7 @@
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driver code when a CPU writes to (or reads from) a
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random memory location. Note that there exists a class
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of memory corruptions problems caused by buggy H/W or
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F/W or by drivers badly programing DMA (basically when
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F/W or by drivers badly programming DMA (basically when
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memory is written at bus level and the CPU MMU is
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bypassed) which are not detectable by
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CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, hence this option will not help
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@ -1726,7 +1726,7 @@
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boot-time allocation of gigantic hugepages is skipped.
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hugetlb_free_vmemmap=
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[KNL] Reguires CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_OPTIMIZE_VMEMMAP
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[KNL] Requires CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE_OPTIMIZE_VMEMMAP
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enabled.
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Control if HugeTLB Vmemmap Optimization (HVO) is enabled.
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Allows heavy hugetlb users to free up some more
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@ -3684,7 +3684,7 @@
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implementation; requires CONFIG_GENERIC_IDLE_POLL_SETUP
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to be effective. This is useful on platforms where the
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sleep(SH) or wfi(ARM,ARM64) instructions do not work
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correctly or when doing power measurements to evalute
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correctly or when doing power measurements to evaluate
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the impact of the sleep instructions. This is also
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useful when using JTAG debugger.
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@ -1488,7 +1488,7 @@ Example of command to set keyboard language is mentioned below::
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Text corresponding to keyboard layout to be set in sysfs are: be(Belgian),
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cz(Czech), da(Danish), de(German), en(English), es(Spain), et(Estonian),
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fr(French), fr-ch(French(Switzerland)), hu(Hungarian), it(Italy), jp (Japan),
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nl(Dutch), nn(Norway), pl(Polish), pt(portugese), sl(Slovenian), sv(Sweden),
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nl(Dutch), nn(Norway), pl(Polish), pt(portuguese), sl(Slovenian), sv(Sweden),
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tr(Turkey)
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WWAN Antenna type
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@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ All md devices contain:
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suspended (not supported yet)
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All IO requests will block. The array can be reconfigured.
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Writing this, if accepted, will block until array is quiessent
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Writing this, if accepted, will block until array is quiescent
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readonly
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no resync can happen. no superblocks get written.
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@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ DE hat diverse Treiber fuer diese Modelle (Stand 09/2002):
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- TVPhone98 (Bt878)
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- AVerTV und TVCapture98 w/VCR (Bt 878)
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- AVerTVStudio und TVPhone98 w/VCR (Bt878)
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- AVerTV GO Serie (Kein SVideo Input)
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- AVerTV GO Series (Kein SVideo Input)
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- AVerTV98 (BT-878 chip)
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- AVerTV98 mit Fernbedienung (BT-878 chip)
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- AVerTV/FM98 (BT-878 chip)
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@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ The ``LIRC user interface`` option adds enhanced functionality when using the
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from remote controllers.
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The ``Support for eBPF programs attached to lirc devices`` option allows
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the usage of special programs (called eBPF) that would allow aplications
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the usage of special programs (called eBPF) that would allow applications
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to add extra remote controller decoding functionality to the Linux Kernel.
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The ``Remote controller decoders`` option allows selecting the
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@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ The drivers exposes following files:
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indicator
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0x18 lassi Signed Low side adjacent Channel
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Strength indicator
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0x19 hassi ditto fpr High side
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0x19 hassi ditto for High side
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0x20 mult Multipath indicator
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0x21 dev Frequency deviation
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0x24 assi Adjacent channel SSI
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@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ Metadata Capture
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----------------
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The Metadata capture generates UVC format metadata. The PTS and SCR are
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transmitted based on the values set in vivid contols.
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transmitted based on the values set in vivid controls.
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The Metadata device will only work for the Webcam input, it will give
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back an error for all other inputs.
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@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ by increasing or decreasing the value of ``nr_hugepages``.
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Note: When the feature of freeing unused vmemmap pages associated with each
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hugetlb page is enabled, we can fail to free the huge pages triggered by
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the user when ths system is under memory pressure. Please try again later.
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the user when the system is under memory pressure. Please try again later.
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Pages that are used as huge pages are reserved inside the kernel and cannot
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be used for other purposes. Huge pages cannot be swapped out under
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@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ MPOL_INTERLEAVED
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interleaved system default policy works in this mode.
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MPOL_PREFERRED_MANY
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This mode specifices that the allocation should be preferrably
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This mode specifies that the allocation should be preferably
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satisfied from the nodemask specified in the policy. If there is
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a memory pressure on all nodes in the nodemask, the allocation
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can fall back to all existing numa nodes. This is effectively
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@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ and NUMA nodes. "Usage" here means one of the following:
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2) examination of the policy to determine the policy mode and associated node
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or node lists, if any, for page allocation. This is considered a "hot
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path". Note that for MPOL_BIND, the "usage" extends across the entire
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allocation process, which may sleep during page reclaimation, because the
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allocation process, which may sleep during page reclamation, because the
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BIND policy nodemask is used, by reference, to filter ineligible nodes.
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We can avoid taking an extra reference during the usages listed above as
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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ two events have same value of bits 0~15 of config, that means they are
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event pair. And the bit 16 of config indicates getting counter 0 or
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counter 1 of hardware event.
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After getting two values of event pair in usersapce, the formula of
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After getting two values of event pair in userspace, the formula of
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computation to calculate real performance data is:::
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counter 0 / counter 1
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@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ Unit Tests for amd-pstate
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* We can introduce more functional or performance tests to align the result together, it will benefit power and performance scale optimization.
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1. Test case decriptions
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1. Test case descriptions
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1). Basic tests
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@ -1105,8 +1105,8 @@ speakup load
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Alternatively, you can add the above line to your file
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~/.bashrc or ~/.bash_profile.
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If your system administrator ran himself the script, all the users will be able
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to change from English to the language choosed by root and do directly
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If your system administrator himself ran the script, all the users will be able
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to change from English to the language chosen by root and do directly
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speakupconf load (or add this to the ~/.bashrc or
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~/.bash_profile file). If there are several languages to handle, the
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administrator (or every user) will have to run the first steps until speakupconf
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@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ The lowmem_reserve_ratio is an array. You can see them by reading this file::
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But, these values are not used directly. The kernel calculates # of protection
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pages for each zones from them. These are shown as array of protection pages
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in /proc/zoneinfo like followings. (This is an example of x86-64 box).
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in /proc/zoneinfo like the following. (This is an example of x86-64 box).
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Each zone has an array of protection pages like this::
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Node 0, zone DMA
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@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ a 2bit error in a memory module) is detected in the background by hardware
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that cannot be handled by the kernel. In some cases (like the page
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still having a valid copy on disk) the kernel will handle the failure
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transparently without affecting any applications. But if there is
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no other uptodate copy of the data it will kill to prevent any data
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no other up-to-date copy of the data it will kill to prevent any data
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corruptions from propagating.
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1: Kill all processes that have the corrupted and not reloadable page mapped
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@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Command Function
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``v`` Forcefully restores framebuffer console
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``v`` Causes ETM buffer dump [ARM-specific]
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``w`` Dumps tasks that are in uninterruptable (blocked) state.
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``w`` Dumps tasks that are in uninterruptible (blocked) state.
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``x`` Used by xmon interface on ppc/powerpc platforms.
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Show global PMU Registers on sparc64.
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