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Patch series "Add swappiness argument to memory.reclaim", v6. This patch proposes augmenting the memory.reclaim interface with a swappiness=<val> argument that overrides the swappiness value for that instance of proactive reclaim. Userspace proactive reclaimers use the memory.reclaim interface to trigger reclaim. The memory.reclaim interface does not allow for any way to effect the balance of file vs anon during proactive reclaim. The only approach is to adjust the vm.swappiness setting. However, there are a few reasons we look to control the balance of file vs anon during proactive reclaim, separately from reactive reclaim: * Swapout should be limited to manage SSD write endurance. In near-OOM situations we are fine with lots of swap-out to avoid OOMs. As these are typically rare events, they have relatively little impact on write endurance. However, proactive reclaim runs continuously and so its impact on SSD write endurance is more significant. Therefore it is desireable to control swap-out for proactive reclaim separately from reactive reclaim * Some userspace OOM killers like systemd-oomd[1] support OOM killing on swap exhaustion. This makes sense if the swap exhaustion is triggered due to reactive reclaim but less so if it is triggered due to proactive reclaim (e.g. one could see OOMs when free memory is ample but anon is just particularly cold). Therefore, it's desireable to have proactive reclaim reduce or stop swap-out before the threshold at which OOM killing occurs. In the case of Meta's Senpai proactive reclaimer, we adjust vm.swappiness before writes to memory.reclaim[2]. This has been in production for nearly two years and has addressed our needs to control proactive vs reactive reclaim behavior but is still not ideal for a number of reasons: * vm.swappiness is a global setting, adjusting it can race/interfere with other system administration that wishes to control vm.swappiness. In our case, we need to disable Senpai before adjusting vm.swappiness. * vm.swappiness is stateful - so a crash or restart of Senpai can leave a misconfigured setting. This requires some additional management to record the "desired" setting and ensure Senpai always adjusts to it. With this patch, we avoid these downsides of adjusting vm.swappiness globally. Previously, this exact interface addition was proposed by Yosry[3]. In response, Roman proposed instead an interface to specify precise file/anon/slab reclaim amounts[4]. More recently Huan also proposed this as well[5] and others similarly questioned if this was the proper interface. Previous proposals sought to use this to allow proactive reclaimers to effectively perform a custom reclaim algorithm by issuing proactive reclaim with different settings to control file vs anon reclaim (e.g. to only reclaim anon from some applications). Responses argued that adjusting swappiness is a poor interface for custom reclaim. In contrast, I argue in favor of a swappiness setting not as a way to implement custom reclaim algorithms but rather to bias the balance of anon vs file due to differences of proactive vs reactive reclaim. In this context, swappiness is the existing interface for controlling this balance and this patch simply allows for it to be configured differently for proactive vs reactive reclaim. Specifying explicit amounts of anon vs file pages to reclaim feels inappropriate for this prupose. Proactive reclaimers are un-aware of the relative age of file vs anon for a cgroup which makes it difficult to manage proactive reclaim of different memory pools. A proactive reclaimer would need some amount of anon reclaim attempts separate from the amount of file reclaim attempts which seems brittle given that it's difficult to observe the impact. [1]https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd-oomd.service.html [2]https://github.com/facebookincubator/oomd/blob/main/src/oomd/plugins/Senpai.cpp#L585-L598 [3]https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/CAJD7tkbDpyoODveCsnaqBBMZEkDvshXJmNdbk51yKSNgD7aGdg@mail.gmail.com/ [4]https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/YoPHtHXzpK51F%2F1Z@carbon/ [5]https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20231108065818.19932-1-link@vivo.com/ This patch (of 2): We use the constants 0 and 200 in a few places in the mm code when referring to the min and max swappiness. This patch adds MIN_SWAPPINESS and MAX_SWAPPINESS #defines to improve clarity. There are no functional changes. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240103164841.2800183-1-schatzberg.dan@gmail.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240103164841.2800183-2-schatzberg.dan@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Dan Schatzberg <schatzberg.dan@gmail.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com> Cc: Yue Zhao <findns94@gmail.com> Cc: Zefan Li <lizefan.x@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> |
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Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the reStructuredText markup notation.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.