fprobe: Add sample program for fprobe

Add a sample program for the fprobe. The sample_fprobe puts a fprobe on
kernel_clone() by default. This dump stack and some called address info
at the function entry and exit.

The sample_fprobe.ko gets 2 parameters.
- symbol: you can specify the comma separated symbols or wildcard symbol
  pattern (in this case you can not use comma)
- stackdump: a bool value to enable or disable stack dump in the fprobe
  handler.

Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Tested-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/164735291987.1084943.4449670993752806840.stgit@devnote2

samples/Kconfig

@@ -73,6 +73,13 @@ config SAMPLE_HW_BREAKPOINT
 	help
 	  This builds kernel hardware breakpoint example modules.
 
+config SAMPLE_FPROBE
+	tristate "Build fprobe examples -- loadable modules only"
+	depends on FPROBE && m
+	help
+	  This builds a fprobe example module. This module has an option 'symbol'.
+	  You can specify a probed symbol or symbols separated with ','.
+
 config SAMPLE_KFIFO
 	tristate "Build kfifo examples -- loadable modules only"
 	depends on m

samples/Makefile

@@ -33,3 +33,4 @@ subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_WATCHDOG)	+= watchdog
 subdir-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_WATCH_QUEUE)	+= watch_queue
 obj-$(CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_TEST)	+= kmemleak/
 obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_CORESIGHT_SYSCFG)	+= coresight/
+obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_FPROBE)		+= fprobe/

samples/fprobe/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+
+obj-$(CONFIG_SAMPLE_FPROBE) += fprobe_example.o

samples/fprobe/fprobe_example.c

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Here's a sample kernel module showing the use of fprobe to dump a
+ * stack trace and selected registers when kernel_clone() is called.
+ *
+ * For more information on theory of operation of kprobes, see
+ * Documentation/trace/kprobes.rst
+ *
+ * You will see the trace data in /var/log/messages and on the console
+ * whenever kernel_clone() is invoked to create a new process.
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) "%s: " fmt, __func__
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/fprobe.h>
+#include <linux/sched/debug.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+
+#define BACKTRACE_DEPTH 16
+#define MAX_SYMBOL_LEN 4096
+struct fprobe sample_probe;
+
+static char symbol[MAX_SYMBOL_LEN] = "kernel_clone";
+module_param_string(symbol, symbol, sizeof(symbol), 0644);
+static char nosymbol[MAX_SYMBOL_LEN] = "";
+module_param_string(nosymbol, nosymbol, sizeof(nosymbol), 0644);
+static bool stackdump = true;
+module_param(stackdump, bool, 0644);
+
+static void show_backtrace(void)
+{
+	unsigned long stacks[BACKTRACE_DEPTH];
+	unsigned int len;
+
+	len = stack_trace_save(stacks, BACKTRACE_DEPTH, 2);
+	stack_trace_print(stacks, len, 24);
+}
+
+static void sample_entry_handler(struct fprobe *fp, unsigned long ip, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	pr_info("Enter <%pS> ip = 0x%p\n", (void *)ip, (void *)ip);
+	if (stackdump)
+		show_backtrace();
+}
+
+static void sample_exit_handler(struct fprobe *fp, unsigned long ip, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	unsigned long rip = instruction_pointer(regs);
+
+	pr_info("Return from <%pS> ip = 0x%p to rip = 0x%p (%pS)\n",
+		(void *)ip, (void *)ip, (void *)rip, (void *)rip);
+	if (stackdump)
+		show_backtrace();
+}
+
+static int __init fprobe_init(void)
+{
+	char *p, *symbuf = NULL;
+	const char **syms;
+	int ret, count, i;
+
+	sample_probe.entry_handler = sample_entry_handler;
+	sample_probe.exit_handler = sample_exit_handler;
+
+	if (strchr(symbol, '*')) {
+		/* filter based fprobe */
+		ret = register_fprobe(&sample_probe, symbol,
+				      nosymbol[0] == '\0' ? NULL : nosymbol);
+		goto out;
+	} else if (!strchr(symbol, ',')) {
+		symbuf = symbol;
+		ret = register_fprobe_syms(&sample_probe, (const char **)&symbuf, 1);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Comma separated symbols */
+	symbuf = kstrdup(symbol, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!symbuf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	p = symbuf;
+	count = 1;
+	while ((p = strchr(++p, ',')) != NULL)
+		count++;
+
+	pr_info("%d symbols found\n", count);
+
+	syms = kcalloc(count, sizeof(char *), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!syms) {
+		kfree(symbuf);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	p = symbuf;
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+		syms[i] = strsep(&p, ",");
+
+	ret = register_fprobe_syms(&sample_probe, syms, count);
+	kfree(syms);
+	kfree(symbuf);
+out:
+	if (ret < 0)
+		pr_err("register_fprobe failed, returned %d\n", ret);
+	else
+		pr_info("Planted fprobe at %s\n", symbol);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void __exit fprobe_exit(void)
+{
+	unregister_fprobe(&sample_probe);
+
+	pr_info("fprobe at %s unregistered\n", symbol);
+}
+
+module_init(fprobe_init)
+module_exit(fprobe_exit)
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");