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The main service scheme of BFQ for sync I/O is serving one sync
bfq_queue at a time, for a while. In particular, BFQ enforces this
scheme when it deems the latter necessary to boost throughput or
to preserve service guarantees. Unfortunately, when BFQ enforces
this policy, only one actuator at a time gets served for a while,
because each bfq_queue contains I/O only for one actuator. The
other actuators may remain underutilized.
Actually, BFQ may serve (inject) extra I/O, taken from other
bfq_queues, in parallel with that of the in-service queue. This
injection mechanism may provide the ground for dealing also with
the above actuator-underutilization problem. Yet BFQ does not take
the actuator load into account when choosing which queue to pick
extra I/O from. In addition, BFQ may happen to inject extra I/O
only when the in-service queue is temporarily empty.
In view of these facts, this commit extends the
injection mechanism in such a way that the latter:
(1) takes into account also the actuator load;
(2) checks such a load on each dispatch, and injects I/O for an
underutilized actuator, if there is one and there is I/O for it.
To perform the check in (2), this commit introduces a load
threshold, currently set to 4. A linear scan of each actuator is
performed, until an actuator is found for which the following two
conditions hold: the load of the actuator is below the threshold,
and there is at least one non-in-service queue that contains I/O
for that actuator. If such a pair (actuator, queue) is found, then
the head request of that queue is returned for dispatch, instead
of the head request of the in-service queue.
We have set the threshold, empirically, to the minimum possible
value for which an actuator is fully utilized, or close to be
fully utilized. By doing so, injected I/O 'steals' as few
drive-queue slots as possibile to the in-service queue. This
reduces as much as possible the probability that the service of
I/O from the in-service bfq_queue gets delayed because of slot
exhaustion, i.e., because all the slots of the drive queue are
filled with I/O injected from other queues (NCQ provides for 32
slots).
This new mechanism also counters actuator underutilization in the
case of asymmetric configurations of bfq_queues. Namely if there
are few bfq_queues containing I/O for some actuators and many
bfq_queues containing I/O for other actuators. Or if the
bfq_queues containing I/O for some actuators have lower weights
than the other bfq_queues.
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@opensource.wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Davide Zini <davidezini2@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230103145503.71712-8-paolo.valente@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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| Documentation | ||
| drivers | ||
| fs | ||
| include | ||
| init | ||
| io_uring | ||
| ipc | ||
| kernel | ||
| lib | ||
| LICENSES | ||
| mm | ||
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| scripts | ||
| security | ||
| sound | ||
| tools | ||
| usr | ||
| virt | ||
| .clang-format | ||
| .cocciconfig | ||
| .get_maintainer.ignore | ||
| .gitattributes | ||
| .gitignore | ||
| .mailmap | ||
| .rustfmt.toml | ||
| COPYING | ||
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| README | ||
Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.