CatlikeCoding-Unity/Assets/Scripts/MovingSphere.cs

using UnityEngine;

public class MovingSphere : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField, Range(0f, 100f)]
    private float maxSpeed = 10f;

    [SerializeField, Range(0f, 100f)]
    private float maxAcceleration = 10f, maxAirAcceleration = 1f;

    [SerializeField, Range(0f, 10f)]
    private float jumpHeight = 2f;

    [SerializeField, Range(0, 5)]
    private int maxAirJumps = 0;

    [SerializeField, Range(0f, 90f)]
    private float maxGroundAngle = 25f, maxStairsAngle = 50f;

    [SerializeField, Range(0f, 100f)]
    float maxSnapSpeed = 100f;

    [SerializeField, Min(0f)]
    float probeDistance = 1f;

    [SerializeField]
    LayerMask probeMask = -1, stairsMask = -1;

    private Rigidbody body;

    private Vector3 desiredVelocity = new Vector3(0f, 0f, 0f);
    private bool desiredJump = false;

    private int groundContactCount;
    private bool onGround => groundContactCount > 0;
    private int jumpPhase;
    private Vector3 velocity;
    private Vector3 contactNormal;
    private float minGroundDotProduct, minStairsDotProduct;
    private int stepsSinceLastGrounded, stepsSinceLastJump;

    private float GetMinDot(int layer)
    {
        return (stairsMask & (1 << layer)) == 0 ?
            minGroundDotProduct : minStairsDotProduct;
    }

    private void OnValidate()
    {
        minGroundDotProduct = Mathf.Cos(maxGroundAngle * Mathf.Deg2Rad);
        minStairsDotProduct = Mathf.Cos(maxStairsAngle * Mathf.Deg2Rad);
    }

    private void Awake()
    {
        body = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();
        OnValidate();
    }

    private void Update()
    {
        Vector2 playerInput;
        playerInput.x = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        playerInput.y = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        playerInput = Vector2.ClampMagnitude(playerInput, 1f);
        desiredVelocity = new Vector3(playerInput.x, 0f, playerInput.y) * maxSpeed;

        desiredJump |= Input.GetButtonDown("Jump");

        GetComponent<MeshRenderer>().material.SetColor(
            "_BaseColor", onGround ? Color.black : Color.white
        );
    }

    private void FixedUpdate()
    {
        UpdateState();

        AdjustVelocity();

        if (desiredJump)
        {
            desiredJump = false;
            Jump();
        }

        body.velocity = velocity;

        ClearState();
    }

    private void UpdateState()
    {
        stepsSinceLastGrounded++;
        stepsSinceLastJump++;
        velocity = body.velocity;
        if (onGround || SnapToGround())
        {
            jumpPhase = 0;
            stepsSinceLastGrounded = 0;
            if (groundContactCount > 1)
            {
                contactNormal.Normalize();
            }
        }
        else
        {
            contactNormal = Vector3.up;
        }
    }

    private void OnCollisionEnter(Collision collision)
    {
        EvaluateCollision(collision);
    }
    
    private void OnCollisionStay(Collision collision)
    {
        EvaluateCollision(collision);
    }

    private void EvaluateCollision(Collision collision)
    {
        float minDot = GetMinDot(collision.gameObject.layer);
        for (int i = 0; i < collision.contactCount; i++)
        {
            var normal = collision.GetContact(i).normal;
            if (normal.y >= minDot)
            {
                groundContactCount += 1;
                contactNormal += normal;
            }
        }
    }

    private void Jump()
    {
        if (onGround || jumpPhase < maxAirJumps)
        {
            stepsSinceLastJump = 0;
            jumpPhase++;
            float jumpSpeed = Mathf.Sqrt(-2f * Physics.gravity.y * jumpHeight);
            float alignedSpeed = Vector3.Dot(velocity, contactNormal);
            if (alignedSpeed > 0f)
            {
                jumpSpeed = Mathf.Max(jumpSpeed - alignedSpeed, 0f);
            }
            velocity += contactNormal * jumpSpeed;
        }
    }

    private void AdjustVelocity()
    {
        Vector3 xAxis = ProjectOnContactPlane(Vector3.right).normalized;
        Vector3 zAxis = ProjectOnContactPlane(Vector3.forward).normalized;

        float currentX = Vector3.Dot(velocity, xAxis);
        float currentZ = Vector3.Dot(velocity, zAxis);
        
        float acceleration = onGround ? maxAcceleration : maxAirAcceleration;
        float maxSpeedChange = acceleration * Time.deltaTime;

        float newX =
            Mathf.MoveTowards(currentX, desiredVelocity.x, maxSpeedChange);
        float newZ =
            Mathf.MoveTowards(currentZ, desiredVelocity.z, maxSpeedChange);

        velocity += xAxis * (newX - currentX) + zAxis * (newZ - currentZ);
    }

    private Vector3 ProjectOnContactPlane(Vector3 vector)
    {
        return vector - contactNormal * Vector3.Dot(vector, contactNormal);
    }

    private void ClearState()
    {
        groundContactCount = 0;
        contactNormal = Vector3.zero;
    }

    private bool SnapToGround()
    {
        if (stepsSinceLastGrounded > 1 || stepsSinceLastJump <= 2)
        {
            return false;
        }
        float speed = velocity.magnitude;
        if (speed > maxSnapSpeed)
        {
            return false;
        }
        if (!Physics.Raycast(body.position, Vector3.down, out RaycastHit hit, probeDistance, probeMask))
        {
            return false;
        }
        if (hit.normal.y < GetMinDot(hit.collider.gameObject.layer))
        {
            return false;
        }

        groundContactCount = 1;
        contactNormal = hit.normal;
        float dot = Vector3.Dot(velocity, hit.normal);
        if (dot > 0f)
        {
            velocity = (velocity - hit.normal * dot).normalized * speed;
        }
        return true;
    }
}