Improve the reporting of buffer overflows under CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE to
help accelerate debugging efforts. The calculations are all just sitting
in registers anyway, so pass them along to the function to be reported.
For example, before:
detected buffer overflow in memcpy
and after:
memcpy: detected buffer overflow: 4096 byte read of buffer size 1
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230407192717.636137-10-keescook@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
With fortify overflows able to be redirected, we can use KUnit to
exercise the overflow conditions. Add tests for every API covered by
CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE, except for memset() and memcpy(), which are
special-cased for now.
Disable warnings in the Makefile since we're explicitly testing
known-bad string handling code patterns.
Note that this makes the LKDTM FORTIFY_STR* tests obsolete, but those
can be removed separately.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
The standard C string APIs were not designed to have a failure mode;
they were expected to always succeed without memory safety issues.
Normally, CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE will use fortify_panic() to stop
processing, as truncating a read or write may provide an even worse
system state. However, this creates a problem for testing under things
like KUnit, which needs a way to survive failures.
When building with CONFIG_KUNIT, provide a failure path for all users
of fortify_panic, and track whether the failure was a read overflow or
a write overflow, for KUnit tests to examine. Inspired by similar logic
in the slab tests.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
In order for CI systems to notice all the skipped tests related to
CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE, allow the FORTIFY_SOURCE KUnit tests to build
with or without CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
In preparation for KUnit testing and further improvements in fortify
failure reporting, split out the report and encode the function and access
failure (read or write overflow) into a single u8 argument. This mainly
ends up saving a tiny bit of space in the data segment. For a defconfig
with FORTIFY_SOURCE enabled:
$ size gcc/vmlinux.before gcc/vmlinux.after
text data bss dec hex filename
26132309 9760658 2195460 38088427 2452eeb gcc/vmlinux.before
26132386 9748382 2195460 38076228 244ff44 gcc/vmlinux.after
Reviewed-by: Alexander Lobakin <aleksander.lobakin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
This allows replacements of the idioms "var += offset" and "var -=
offset" with the wrapping_assign_add() and wrapping_assign_sub() helpers
respectively. They will avoid wrap-around sanitizer instrumentation.
Add to the selftests to validate behavior and lack of side-effects.
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Provide helpers that will perform wrapping addition, subtraction, or
multiplication without tripping the arithmetic wrap-around sanitizers. The
first argument is the type under which the wrap-around should happen
with. In other words, these two calls will get very different results:
wrapping_mul(int, 50, 50) == 2500
wrapping_mul(u8, 50, 50) == 196
Add to the selftests to validate behavior and lack of side-effects.
Reviewed-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
We have one outstanding issue with the stmmac driver, which may
be a LOCKDEP false positive, not a blocker.
Current release - regressions:
- netfilter: nf_tables: re-allow NFPROTO_INET in
nft_(match/target)_validate()
- eth: ionic: fix error handling in PCI reset code
Current release - new code bugs:
- eth: stmmac: complete meta data only when enabled, fix null-deref
- kunit: fix again checksum tests on big endian CPUs
Previous releases - regressions:
- veth: try harder when allocating queue memory
- Bluetooth:
- hci_bcm4377: do not mark valid bd_addr as invalid
- hci_event: fix handling of HCI_EV_IO_CAPA_REQUEST
Previous releases - always broken:
- info leak in __skb_datagram_iter() on netlink socket
- mptcp:
- map v4 address to v6 when destroying subflow
- fix potential wake-up event loss due to sndbuf auto-tuning
- fix double-free on socket dismantle
- wifi: nl80211: reject iftype change with mesh ID change
- fix small out-of-bound read when validating netlink be16/32 types
- rtnetlink: fix error logic of IFLA_BRIDGE_FLAGS writing back
- ipv6: fix potential "struct net" ref-leak in inet6_rtm_getaddr()
- ip_tunnel: prevent perpetual headroom growth with huge number of
tunnels on top of each other
- mctp: fix skb leaks on error paths of mctp_local_output()
- eth: ice: fixes for DPLL state reporting
- dpll: rely on rcu for netdev_dpll_pin() to prevent UaF
- eth: dpaa: accept phy-interface-type = "10gbase-r" in the device tree
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'net-6.8-rc7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net
Pull networking fixes from Jakub Kicinski:
"Including fixes from bluetooth, WiFi and netfilter.
We have one outstanding issue with the stmmac driver, which may be a
LOCKDEP false positive, not a blocker.
Current release - regressions:
- netfilter: nf_tables: re-allow NFPROTO_INET in
nft_(match/target)_validate()
- eth: ionic: fix error handling in PCI reset code
Current release - new code bugs:
- eth: stmmac: complete meta data only when enabled, fix null-deref
- kunit: fix again checksum tests on big endian CPUs
Previous releases - regressions:
- veth: try harder when allocating queue memory
- Bluetooth:
- hci_bcm4377: do not mark valid bd_addr as invalid
- hci_event: fix handling of HCI_EV_IO_CAPA_REQUEST
Previous releases - always broken:
- info leak in __skb_datagram_iter() on netlink socket
- mptcp:
- map v4 address to v6 when destroying subflow
- fix potential wake-up event loss due to sndbuf auto-tuning
- fix double-free on socket dismantle
- wifi: nl80211: reject iftype change with mesh ID change
- fix small out-of-bound read when validating netlink be16/32 types
- rtnetlink: fix error logic of IFLA_BRIDGE_FLAGS writing back
- ipv6: fix potential "struct net" ref-leak in inet6_rtm_getaddr()
- ip_tunnel: prevent perpetual headroom growth with huge number of
tunnels on top of each other
- mctp: fix skb leaks on error paths of mctp_local_output()
- eth: ice: fixes for DPLL state reporting
- dpll: rely on rcu for netdev_dpll_pin() to prevent UaF
- eth: dpaa: accept phy-interface-type = '10gbase-r' in the device
tree"
* tag 'net-6.8-rc7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net: (73 commits)
dpll: fix build failure due to rcu_dereference_check() on unknown type
kunit: Fix again checksum tests on big endian CPUs
tls: fix use-after-free on failed backlog decryption
tls: separate no-async decryption request handling from async
tls: fix peeking with sync+async decryption
tls: decrement decrypt_pending if no async completion will be called
gtp: fix use-after-free and null-ptr-deref in gtp_newlink()
net: hsr: Use correct offset for HSR TLV values in supervisory HSR frames
igb: extend PTP timestamp adjustments to i211
rtnetlink: fix error logic of IFLA_BRIDGE_FLAGS writing back
tools: ynl: fix handling of multiple mcast groups
selftests: netfilter: add bridge conntrack + multicast test case
netfilter: bridge: confirm multicast packets before passing them up the stack
netfilter: nf_tables: allow NFPROTO_INET in nft_(match/target)_validate()
Bluetooth: qca: Fix triggering coredump implementation
Bluetooth: hci_qca: Set BDA quirk bit if fwnode exists in DT
Bluetooth: qca: Fix wrong event type for patch config command
Bluetooth: Enforce validation on max value of connection interval
Bluetooth: hci_event: Fix handling of HCI_EV_IO_CAPA_REQUEST
Bluetooth: mgmt: Fix limited discoverable off timeout
...
Commit b38460bc463c ("kunit: Fix checksum tests on big endian CPUs")
fixed endianness issues with kunit checksum tests, but then
commit 6f4c45cbcb00 ("kunit: Add tests for csum_ipv6_magic and
ip_fast_csum") introduced new issues on big endian CPUs. Those issues
are once again reflected by the warnings reported by sparse.
So, fix them with the same approach, perform proper conversion in
order to support both little and big endian CPUs. Once the conversions
are properly done and the right types used, the sparse warnings are
cleared as well.
Reported-by: Erhard Furtner <erhard_f@mailbox.org>
Fixes: 6f4c45cbcb00 ("kunit: Add tests for csum_ipv6_magic and ip_fast_csum")
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Tested-by: Charlie Jenkins <charlie@rivosinc.com>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Acked-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/73df3a9e95c2179119398ad1b4c84cdacbd8dfb6.1708684443.git.christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
The debugging code enabled by CONFIG_DEBUG_RWSEMS=y will only be
compiled in when CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT isn't set. There is no point to
allow CONFIG_DEBUG_RWSEMS to be set in a kernel configuration where
CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT is also set. Make them mutually exclusive.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240222150540.79981-5-longman@redhat.com
The 'i' passed as an assertion message is a size_t, so should use '%zu',
not '%d'.
This was found by annotating the _MSG() variants of KUnit's assertions
to let gcc validate the format strings.
Fixes: bb95ebbe89a7 ("lib: Introduce CONFIG_MEMCPY_KUNIT_TEST")
Signed-off-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Reviewed-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
The correct format specifier for p - n (both p and n are pointers) is
%td, as the type should be ptrdiff_t.
This was discovered by annotating KUnit assertion macros with gcc's
printf specifier, but note that gcc incorrectly suggested a %d or %ld
specifier (depending on the pointer size of the architecture being
built).
Fixes: 0ea09083116d ("lib/cmdline: Allow get_options() to take 0 to validate the input")
Signed-off-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Latypov <dlatypov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
KUnit's executor_test logs the filter string in KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ_MSG(),
but passed a random character from the filter, rather than the whole
string.
This was found by annotating KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ_MSG() to let gcc validate
the format string.
Fixes: 76066f93f1df ("kunit: add tests for filtering attributes")
Signed-off-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Reviewed-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Latypov <dlatypov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rae Moar <rmoar@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Commit d393acce7b3f ("drm/tests: Switch to kunit devices") switched the
DRM device creation helpers from an ad-hoc implementation to the new
kunit device creation helpers introduced in commit d03c720e03bd ("kunit:
Add APIs for managing devices").
However, while the DRM helpers were using a platform_device, the kunit
helpers are using a dedicated bus and device type.
That situation creates small differences in the initialisation, and one
of them is that the kunit devices do not have the DMA masks setup. In
turn, this means that we can't do any kind of DMA buffer allocation
anymore, which creates a regression on some (downstream for now) tests.
Let's set up a default DMA mask that should work on any platform to fix
it.
Fixes: d03c720e03bd ("kunit: Add APIs for managing devices")
Signed-off-by: Maxime Ripard <mripard@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Reviewed-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Since commit d492cc2573a0 ("driver core: device.h: make struct
bus_type a const *"), the driver core can properly handle constant
struct bus_type, move the kunit_bus_type variable to be a constant
structure as well, placing it into read-only memory which can not be
modified at runtime.
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Suggested-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ricardo B. Marliere <ricardo@marliere.net>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
By allowing the filter_glob parameter to be written to, it's possible to
tweak the testsuites that will be executed on new module loads. This
makes it easier to run specific tests without having to reload kunit and
provides a way to filter tests on real HW even if kunit is builtin.
Example for xe driver:
1) Run just 1 test
# echo -n xe_bo > /sys/module/kunit/parameters/filter_glob
# modprobe -r xe_live_test
# modprobe xe_live_test
# ls /sys/kernel/debug/kunit/
xe_bo
2) Run all tests
# echo \* > /sys/module/kunit/parameters/filter_glob
# modprobe -r xe_live_test
# modprobe xe_live_test
# ls /sys/kernel/debug/kunit/
xe_bo xe_dma_buf xe_migrate xe_mocs
For completeness and to cover other use cases, also change filter and
filter_action to rw.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/intel-xe/dzacvbdditbneiu3e3fmstjmttcbne44yspumpkd6sjn56jqpk@vxu7sksbqrp6/
Reviewed-by: Rae Moar <rmoar@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Now move the relevant codes into separate files:
kernel/crash_reserve.c, include/linux/crash_reserve.h.
And add config item CRASH_RESERVE to control its enabling.
And also update the old ifdeffery of CONFIG_CRASH_CORE, including of
<linux/crash_core.h> and config item dependency on CRASH_CORE
accordingly.
And also do renaming as follows:
- arch/xxx/kernel/{crash_core.c => vmcore_info.c}
because they are only related to vmcoreinfo exporting on x86, arm64,
riscv.
And also Remove config item CRASH_CORE, and rely on CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE to
decide if build in crash_core.c.
[yang.lee@linux.alibaba.com: remove duplicated include in vmcore_info.c]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240126005744.16561-1-yang.lee@linux.alibaba.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240124051254.67105-3-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Yang Li <yang.lee@linux.alibaba.com>
Acked-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pingfan Liu <piliu@redhat.com>
Cc: Klara Modin <klarasmodin@gmail.com>
Cc: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Yang Li <yang.lee@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
page_owner needs to increment a stack_record refcount when a new
allocation occurs, and decrement it on a free operation. In order to do
that, we need to have a way to get a stack_record from a handle.
Implement __stack_depot_get_stack_record() which just does that, and make
it public so page_owner can use it.
Also, traversing all stackdepot buckets comes with its own complexity,
plus we would have to implement a way to mark only those stack_records
that were originated from page_owner, as those are the ones we are
interested in. For that reason, page_owner maintains its own list of
stack_records, because traversing that list is faster than traversing all
buckets while keeping at the same time a low complexity.
For now, add to stack_list only the stack_records of dummy_handle and
failure_handle, and set their refcount of 1.
Further patches will add code to increment or decrement stack_records
count on allocation and free operation.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240215215907.20121-4-osalvador@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
In order to move the heavy lifting into page_owner code, this one needs to
have access to the stack_record structure, which right now sits in
lib/stackdepot.c. Move it to the stackdepot.h header so page_owner can
access stack_record's struct fields.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240215215907.20121-3-osalvador@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "page_owner: print stacks and their outstanding allocations",
v10.
page_owner is a great debug functionality tool that lets us know about all
pages that have been allocated/freed and their specific stacktrace. This
comes very handy when debugging memory leaks, since with some scripting we
can see the outstanding allocations, which might point to a memory leak.
In my experience, that is one of the most useful cases, but it can get
really tedious to screen through all pages and try to reconstruct the
stack <-> allocated/freed relationship, becoming most of the time a
daunting and slow process when we have tons of allocation/free operations.
This patchset aims to ease that by adding a new functionality into
page_owner. This functionality creates a new directory called
'page_owner_stacks' under 'sys/kernel//debug' with a read-only file called
'show_stacks', which prints out all the stacks followed by their
outstanding number of allocations (being that the times the stacktrace has
allocated but not freed yet). This gives us a clear and a quick overview
of stacks <-> allocated/free.
We take advantage of the new refcount_f field that stack_record struct
gained, and increment/decrement the stack refcount on every
__set_page_owner() (alloc operation) and __reset_page_owner (free
operation) call.
Unfortunately, we cannot use the new stackdepot api STACK_DEPOT_FLAG_GET
because it does not fulfill page_owner needs, meaning we would have to
special case things, at which point makes more sense for page_owner to do
its own {dec,inc}rementing of the stacks. E.g: Using
STACK_DEPOT_FLAG_PUT, once the refcount reaches 0, such stack gets
evicted, so page_owner would lose information.
This patchset also creates a new file called 'set_threshold' within
'page_owner_stacks' directory, and by writing a value to it, the stacks
which refcount is below such value will be filtered out.
A PoC can be found below:
# cat /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner_stacks/show_stacks > page_owner_full_stacks.txt
# head -40 page_owner_full_stacks.txt
prep_new_page+0xa9/0x120
get_page_from_freelist+0x801/0x2210
__alloc_pages+0x18b/0x350
alloc_pages_mpol+0x91/0x1f0
folio_alloc+0x14/0x50
filemap_alloc_folio+0xb2/0x100
page_cache_ra_unbounded+0x96/0x180
filemap_get_pages+0xfd/0x590
filemap_read+0xcc/0x330
blkdev_read_iter+0xb8/0x150
vfs_read+0x285/0x320
ksys_read+0xa5/0xe0
do_syscall_64+0x80/0x160
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0x76
stack_count: 521
prep_new_page+0xa9/0x120
get_page_from_freelist+0x801/0x2210
__alloc_pages+0x18b/0x350
alloc_pages_mpol+0x91/0x1f0
folio_alloc+0x14/0x50
filemap_alloc_folio+0xb2/0x100
__filemap_get_folio+0x14a/0x490
ext4_write_begin+0xbd/0x4b0 [ext4]
generic_perform_write+0xc1/0x1e0
ext4_buffered_write_iter+0x68/0xe0 [ext4]
ext4_file_write_iter+0x70/0x740 [ext4]
vfs_write+0x33d/0x420
ksys_write+0xa5/0xe0
do_syscall_64+0x80/0x160
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0x76
stack_count: 4609
...
...
# echo 5000 > /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner_stacks/set_threshold
# cat /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner_stacks/show_stacks > page_owner_full_stacks_5000.txt
# head -40 page_owner_full_stacks_5000.txt
prep_new_page+0xa9/0x120
get_page_from_freelist+0x801/0x2210
__alloc_pages+0x18b/0x350
alloc_pages_mpol+0x91/0x1f0
folio_alloc+0x14/0x50
filemap_alloc_folio+0xb2/0x100
__filemap_get_folio+0x14a/0x490
ext4_write_begin+0xbd/0x4b0 [ext4]
generic_perform_write+0xc1/0x1e0
ext4_buffered_write_iter+0x68/0xe0 [ext4]
ext4_file_write_iter+0x70/0x740 [ext4]
vfs_write+0x33d/0x420
ksys_pwrite64+0x75/0x90
do_syscall_64+0x80/0x160
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0x76
stack_count: 6781
prep_new_page+0xa9/0x120
get_page_from_freelist+0x801/0x2210
__alloc_pages+0x18b/0x350
pcpu_populate_chunk+0xec/0x350
pcpu_balance_workfn+0x2d1/0x4a0
process_scheduled_works+0x84/0x380
worker_thread+0x12a/0x2a0
kthread+0xe3/0x110
ret_from_fork+0x30/0x50
ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30
stack_count: 8641
This patch (of 7):
The very first entry of stack_record gets a handle of 0, but this is wrong
because stackdepot treats a 0-handle as a non-valid one. E.g: See the
check in stack_depot_fetch()
Fix this by adding and offset of 1.
This bug has been lurking since the very beginning of stackdepot, but no
one really cared as it seems. Because of that I am not adding a Fixes
tag.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240215215907.20121-1-osalvador@suse.de
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240215215907.20121-2-osalvador@suse.de
Co-developed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
With the introduction of stack depot evictions, each stack record is now
fixed size, so that future reuse after an eviction can safely store
differently sized stack traces. In all cases that do not make use of
evictions, this wastes lots of space.
Fix it by re-introducing variable size stack records (up to the max
allowed size) for entries that will never be evicted. We know if an entry
will never be evicted if the flag STACK_DEPOT_FLAG_GET is not provided,
since a later stack_depot_put() attempt is undefined behavior.
With my current kernel config that enables KASAN and also SLUB owner
tracking, I observe (after a kernel boot) a whopping reduction of 296
stack depot pools, which translates into 4736 KiB saved. The savings here
are from SLUB owner tracking only, because KASAN generic mode still uses
refcounting.
Before:
pools: 893
allocations: 29841
frees: 6524
in_use: 23317
freelist_size: 3454
After:
pools: 597
refcounted_allocations: 17547
refcounted_frees: 6477
refcounted_in_use: 11070
freelist_size: 3497
persistent_count: 12163
persistent_bytes: 1717008
[elver@google.com: fix -Wstringop-overflow warning]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240201135747.18eca98e@canb.auug.org.au/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240201090434.1762340-1-elver@google.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CABXGCsOzpRPZGg23QqJAzKnqkZPKzvieeg=W7sgjgi3q0pBo0g@mail.gmail.com/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240129100708.39460-1-elver@google.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CABXGCsOzpRPZGg23QqJAzKnqkZPKzvieeg=W7sgjgi3q0pBo0g@mail.gmail.com/
Fixes: 108be8def46e ("lib/stackdepot: allow users to evict stack traces")
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Mikhail Gavrilov <mikhail.v.gavrilov@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in nla_validate_range_unsigned lib/nlattr.c:222 [inline]
BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in nla_validate_int_range lib/nlattr.c:336 [inline]
BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in validate_nla lib/nlattr.c:575 [inline]
BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in __nla_validate_parse+0x2e20/0x45c0 lib/nlattr.c:631
nla_validate_range_unsigned lib/nlattr.c:222 [inline]
nla_validate_int_range lib/nlattr.c:336 [inline]
validate_nla lib/nlattr.c:575 [inline]
...
The message in question matches this policy:
[NFTA_TARGET_REV] = NLA_POLICY_MAX(NLA_BE32, 255),
but because NLA_BE32 size in minlen array is 0, the validation
code will read past the malformed (too small) attribute.
Note: Other attributes, e.g. BITFIELD32, SINT, UINT.. are also missing:
those likely should be added too.
Reported-by: syzbot+3f497b07aa3baf2fb4d0@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Reported-by: xingwei lee <xrivendell7@gmail.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CABOYnLzFYHSnvTyS6zGa-udNX55+izqkOt2sB9WDqUcEGW6n8w@mail.gmail.com/raw
Fixes: ecaf75ffd5f5 ("netlink: introduce bigendian integer types")
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240221172740.5092-1-fw@strlen.de
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Now that the minimum supported version of LLVM for building the kernel has
been bumped to 13.0.1, this condition can be changed to just
CONFIG_CC_IS_CLANG, as the build will fail during the configuration stage
for older LLVM versions.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240125-bump-min-llvm-ver-to-13-0-1-v1-10-f5ff9bda41c5@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V (IBM)" <aneesh.kumar@kernel.org>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Conor Dooley <conor@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: "Naveen N. Rao" <naveen.n.rao@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Nicolas Schier <nicolas@fjasle.eu>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of popping only the maximum element from the heap during each
iteration, we now pop the two largest elements at once. Although this
introduces an additional comparison to determine the second largest
element, it enables a reduction in the height of the tree by one during
the heapify operations starting from root's left/right child. This
reduction in tree height by one leads to a decrease of one comparison and
one swap.
This optimization results in saving approximately 0.5 * n swaps without
increasing the number of comparisons. Additionally, the heap size during
heapify is now one less than the original size, offering a chance for
further reduction in comparisons and swaps.
The following experimental data is based on the array generated using
get_random_u32().
| N | swaps (old) | swaps (new) | comparisons (old) | comparisons (new) |
|-------|-------------|-------------|-------------------|-------------------|
| 1000 | 9054 | 8569 | 10328 | 10320 |
| 2000 | 20137 | 19182 | 22634 | 22587 |
| 3000 | 32062 | 30623 | 35833 | 35752 |
| 4000 | 44274 | 42282 | 49332 | 49306 |
| 5000 | 57195 | 54676 | 63300 | 63294 |
| 6000 | 70205 | 67202 | 77599 | 77557 |
| 7000 | 83276 | 79831 | 92113 | 92032 |
| 8000 | 96630 | 92678 | 106635 | 106617 |
| 9000 | 110349 | 105883 | 121505 | 121404 |
| 10000 | 124165 | 119202 | 136628 | 136617 |
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240113031352.2395118-3-visitorckw@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kuan-Wei Chiu <visitorckw@gmail.com>
Cc: Ching-Chun (Jim) Huang <jserv@ccns.ncku.edu.tw>
Cc: George Spelvin <lkml@sdf.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "lib/sort: Optimize the number of swaps and comparisons".
This patch series aims to optimize the heapsort algorithm, specifically
targeting a reduction in the number of swaps and comparisons required.
This patch (of 2):
Currently, when searching for the sift-down path and encountering equal
elements, the algorithm chooses the left child. However, considering that
the height of the right subtree may be one less than that of the left
subtree, selecting the right child in such cases can potentially reduce
the number of comparisons and swaps.
For instance, when sorting an array of 10,000 identical elements, the
current implementation requires 247,209 comparisons. With this patch, the
number of comparisons can be reduced to 227,241.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240113031352.2395118-1-visitorckw@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240113031352.2395118-2-visitorckw@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kuan-Wei Chiu <visitorckw@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
LLVM moved their issue tracker from their own Bugzilla instance to GitHub
issues. While all of the links are still valid, they may not necessarily
show the most up to date information around the issues, as all updates
will occur on GitHub, not Bugzilla.
Another complication is that the Bugzilla issue number is not always the
same as the GitHub issue number. Thankfully, LLVM maintains this mapping
through two shortlinks:
https://llvm.org/bz<num> -> https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=<num>
https://llvm.org/pr<num> -> https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/<mapped_num>
Switch all "https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=<num>" links to the
"https://llvm.org/pr<num>" shortlink so that the links show the most up to
date information. Each migrated issue links back to the Bugzilla entry,
so there should be no loss of fidelity of information here.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240109-update-llvm-links-v1-3-eb09b59db071@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Fangrui Song <maskray@google.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Mykola Lysenko <mykolal@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
XArray multi-index entries do not keep track of the order stored once the
entry is being marked as used with cmpxchg (conditionally replaced with
NULL). Add a test to check the order is actually lost. The test also
verifies the order and entries for all the tied indexes before and after
the NULL replacement with xa_cmpxchg.
Add another entry at 1 << order that keeps the node around and the order
information for the NULL-entry after xa_cmpxchg.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240131225125.1370598-3-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Pankaj Raghav <p.raghav@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "test_xarray: advanced API multi-index tests", v2.
This is a respin of the test_xarray multi-index tests [0] which use and
demonstrate the advanced API which is used by the page cache. This should
let folks more easily follow how we use multi-index to support for example
a min order later in the page cache. It also lets us grow the selftests
to mimic more of what we do in the page cache.
This patch (of 2):
The multi index selftests are great but they don't replicate how we deal
with the page cache exactly, which makes it a bit hard to follow as the
page cache uses the advanced API.
Add tests which use the advanced API, mimicking what we do in the page
cache, while at it, extend the example to do what is needed for min order
support.
[mcgrof@kernel.org: fix soft lockup for advanced-api tests]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240216194329.840555-1-mcgrof@kernel.org
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/i/loops/, make non-static]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: restore static storage for loop counter]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240131225125.1370598-1-mcgrof@kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240131225125.1370598-2-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Daniel Gomez <da.gomez@samsung.com>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Pankaj Raghav <p.raghav@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
The local variables r_tmp and l_tmp in mast_spanning_rebalance() are
already initialized at its declaration; there is no need to assign the
value again.
Remove the duplicate initialization of {r,l}_tmp. No functional change.
Due to common compiler optimizations, also no change to object code.
This issue was identified with clang-analyzer's dead stores analysis.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240122102000.29558-1-lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Pull simple offset series from Chuck Lever
In an effort to address slab fragmentation issues reported a few
months ago, I've replaced the use of xarrays for the directory
offset map in "simple" file systems (including tmpfs).
Thanks to Liam Howlett for helping me get this working with Maple
Trees.
* series 'Use Maple Trees for simple_offset utilities' of https://lore.kernel.org/r/170820083431.6328.16233178852085891453.stgit@91.116.238.104.host.secureserver.net: (6 commits)
libfs: Convert simple directory offsets to use a Maple Tree
test_maple_tree: testing the cyclic allocation
maple_tree: Add mtree_alloc_cyclic()
libfs: Add simple_offset_empty()
libfs: Define a minimum directory offset
libfs: Re-arrange locking in offset_iterate_dir()
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
The function description comment for mas_node_count_gfp() mistakingly
refers to the function as mas_node_count(). Change it to refer to the
correct function.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240109223119.162357-1-sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Peng Zhang <zhangpeng.00@bytedance.com>
Cc: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Using sizeof(dst) for the "size" argument in strscpy() is the
overwhelmingly common case. Instead of requiring this everywhere, allow a
2-argument version to be used that will use the sizeof() internally. There
are other functions in the kernel with optional arguments[1], so this
isn't unprecedented, and improves readability. Update and relocate the
kern-doc for strscpy() too, and drop __HAVE_ARCH_STRSCPY as it is unused.
Adjust ARCH=um build to notice the changed export name, as it doesn't
do full header includes for the string helpers.
This could additionally let us save a few hundred lines of code:
1177 files changed, 2455 insertions(+), 3026 deletions(-)
with a treewide cleanup using Coccinelle:
@needless_arg@
expression DST, SRC;
@@
strscpy(DST, SRC
-, sizeof(DST)
)
Link: https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.7/source/include/linux/pci.h#L1517 [1]
Reviewed-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com>
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andy@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
In preparation for making strscpy_pad()'s 3rd argument optional, redefine
it as a macro. This also has the benefit of allowing greater FORITFY
introspection, as it couldn't see into the strscpy() nor the memset()
within strscpy_pad().
Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andy@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
In order to mitigate unexpected signed wrap-around[1], bring back the
signed integer overflow sanitizer. It was removed in commit 6aaa31aeb9cf
("ubsan: remove overflow checks") because it was effectively a no-op
when combined with -fno-strict-overflow (which correctly changes signed
overflow from being "undefined" to being explicitly "wrap around").
Compilers are adjusting their sanitizers to trap wrap-around and to
detecting common code patterns that should not be instrumented
(e.g. "var + offset < var"). Prepare for this and explicitly rename
the option from "OVERFLOW" to "WRAP" to more accurately describe the
behavior.
To annotate intentional wrap-around arithmetic, the helpers
wrapping_add/sub/mul_wrap() can be used for individual statements. At
the function level, the __signed_wrap attribute can be used to mark an
entire function as expecting its signed arithmetic to wrap around. For a
single object file the Makefile can use "UBSAN_SIGNED_WRAP_target.o := n"
to mark it as wrapping, and for an entire directory, "UBSAN_SIGNED_WRAP :=
n" can be used.
Additionally keep these disabled under CONFIG_COMPILE_TEST for now.
Link: https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/26 [1]
Cc: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Justin Stitt <justinstitt@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Trying to run the iov_iter unit test on a nommu system such as the qemu
kc705-nommu emulation results in a crash.
KTAP version 1
# Subtest: iov_iter
# module: kunit_iov_iter
1..9
BUG: failure at mm/nommu.c:318/vmap()!
Kernel panic - not syncing: BUG!
The test calls vmap() directly, but vmap() is not supported on nommu
systems, causing the crash. TEST_IOV_ITER therefore needs to depend on
MMU.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240208153010.1439753-1-linux@roeck-us.net
Fixes: 2d71340ff1d4 ("iov_iter: Kunit tests for copying to/from an iterator")
Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
'def_bool X' is a shorthand for 'bool' plus 'default X'.
'def_bool' is redundant where 'bool' is already present, so 'def_bool X'
can be replaced with 'default X', or removed if X is 'n'.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
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Merge 6.8-rc5 into driver-core-next
We need the driver core changes in here as well.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Here are some driver core fixes, a kobject fix, and a documentation
update for 6.8-rc5. In detail these changes are:
- devlink fixes for reported issues with 6.8-rc1
- topology scheduling regression fix that has been reported by many
- kobject loosening of checks change in -rc1 is now reverted as some
codepaths seemed to need the checks
- documentation update for the CVE process. Has been reviewed by
many, the last minute change to the document was to bring the .rst
format back into the the new style rules, the contents did not
change.
All of these, except for the documentation update, have been in
linux-next for over a week. The documentation update has been reviewed
for weeks by a group of developers, and in public for a week and the
wording has stabilized for now. If future changes are needed, we can do
so before 6.8-final is out (or anytime after that.)
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'driver-core-6.8-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core fixes from Greg KH:
"Here are some driver core fixes, a kobject fix, and a documentation
update for 6.8-rc5. In detail these changes are:
- devlink fixes for reported issues with 6.8-rc1
- topology scheduling regression fix that has been reported by many
- kobject loosening of checks change in -rc1 is now reverted as some
codepaths seemed to need the checks
- documentation update for the CVE process. Has been reviewed by
many, the last minute change to the document was to bring the .rst
format back into the the new style rules, the contents did not
change.
All of these, except for the documentation update, have been in
linux-next for over a week. The documentation update has been reviewed
for weeks by a group of developers, and in public for a week and the
wording has stabilized for now. If future changes are needed, we can
do so before 6.8-final is out (or anytime after that)"
* tag 'driver-core-6.8-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core:
Documentation: Document the Linux Kernel CVE process
Revert "kobject: Remove redundant checks for whether ktype is NULL"
driver core: fw_devlink: Improve logs for cycle detection
driver core: fw_devlink: Improve detection of overlapping cycles
driver core: Fix device_link_flag_is_sync_state_only()
topology: Set capacity_freq_ref in all cases
This is a followup of commit a3498436b3a0 ("netns: restrict uevents")
- uevent_sock_mutex no longer protects uevent_seqnum thanks
to prior patch in the series.
- uevent_net_broadcast() can run without holding uevent_sock_mutex.
- Instead of grabbing uevent_sock_mutex before calling
kobject_uevent_net_broadcast(), we can move the
mutex_lock(&uevent_sock_mutex) to the place we iterate over
uevent_sock_list : uevent_net_broadcast_untagged().
After this patch, typical netdevice creations and destructions
calling uevent_net_broadcast_tagged() no longer need to acquire
uevent_sock_mutex.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240214084829.684541-3-edumazet@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
