[ Upstream commit 88390dd788 ]
In detail:
In C language, when you perform a multiplication operation, if
both operands are of int type, the multiplication operation is
performed on the int type, and then the result is converted to
the target type. This means that if the product of int type
multiplication exceeds the range that int type can represent,
an overflow will occur even if you store the result in a
variable of int64_t type.
For a multiplication of two int values, it is better to use
mul_u32_u32() rather than s->exit_latency_ns = s->exit_latency *
NSEC_PER_USEC to avoid potential overflow happenning.
Signed-off-by: C Cheng <C.Cheng@mediatek.com>
Signed-off-by: Bo Ye <bo.ye@mediatek.com>
Reviewed-by: AngeloGioacchino Del Regno <angelogioacchino.delregno@collabora.com>
[ rjw: New subject ]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
[ Upstream commit d988d9a9b9 ]
If the kernel crashes in a context where printk() calls always
defer printing (such as in NMI or inside a printk_safe section)
then the final panic messages will be deferred to irq_work. But
if irq_work is not available, the messages will not get printed
unless explicitly flushed. The result is that the final
"end Kernel panic" banner does not get printed.
Add one final flush after the last printk() call to make sure
the final panic messages make it out as well.
Signed-off-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240207134103.1357162-14-john.ogness@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
[ Upstream commit 19b070fefd ]
Syzkaller hit 'WARNING in dg_dispatch_as_host' bug.
memcpy: detected field-spanning write (size 56) of single field "&dg_info->msg"
at drivers/misc/vmw_vmci/vmci_datagram.c:237 (size 24)
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1555 at drivers/misc/vmw_vmci/vmci_datagram.c:237
dg_dispatch_as_host+0x88e/0xa60 drivers/misc/vmw_vmci/vmci_datagram.c:237
Some code commentry, based on my understanding:
544 #define VMCI_DG_SIZE(_dg) (VMCI_DG_HEADERSIZE + (size_t)(_dg)->payload_size)
/// This is 24 + payload_size
memcpy(&dg_info->msg, dg, dg_size);
Destination = dg_info->msg ---> this is a 24 byte
structure(struct vmci_datagram)
Source = dg --> this is a 24 byte structure (struct vmci_datagram)
Size = dg_size = 24 + payload_size
{payload_size = 56-24 =32} -- Syzkaller managed to set payload_size to 32.
35 struct delayed_datagram_info {
36 struct datagram_entry *entry;
37 struct work_struct work;
38 bool in_dg_host_queue;
39 /* msg and msg_payload must be together. */
40 struct vmci_datagram msg;
41 u8 msg_payload[];
42 };
So those extra bytes of payload are copied into msg_payload[], a run time
warning is seen while fuzzing with Syzkaller.
One possible way to fix the warning is to split the memcpy() into
two parts -- one -- direct assignment of msg and second taking care of payload.
Gustavo quoted:
"Under FORTIFY_SOURCE we should not copy data across multiple members
in a structure."
Reported-by: syzkaller <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Suggested-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Suggested-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Harshit Mogalapalli <harshit.m.mogalapalli@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240105164001.2129796-2-harshit.m.mogalapalli@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
[ Upstream commit c108b4a50d ]
Hardware puts RX descriptor and packet in RX DMA buffer, so it could be
over one buffer size if packet size is 11454, and then it will be split
into two segments. WiFi 7 chips use larger size of RX descriptor, so
enlarge DMA buffer size according to RX descriptor to have better
performance and simple flow.
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://msgid.link/20240121071826.10159-5-pkshih@realtek.com
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
[ Upstream commit 5642c82b94 ]
A potential string truncation was reported in bnx2x_fill_fw_str(),
when a long bp->fw_ver and a long phy_fw_ver might coexist, but seems
unlikely with real-world hardware.
Use scnprintf() to indicate the intent that truncations are tolerated.
While reading this code, I found a collection of various buffer size
counting issues. None looked like they might lead to a buffer overflow
with current code (the small buffers are 20 bytes and might only ever
consume 10 bytes twice with a trailing %NUL). However, early truncation
(due to a %NUL in the middle of the string) might be happening under
likely rare conditions. Regardless fix the formatters and related
functions:
- Switch from a separate strscpy() to just adding an additional "%s" to
the format string that immediately follows it in bnx2x_fill_fw_str().
- Use sizeof() universally instead of using unbound defines.
- Fix bnx2x_7101_format_ver() and bnx2x_null_format_ver() to report the
number of characters written, not including the trailing %NUL (as
already done with the other firmware formatting functions).
- Require space for at least 1 byte in bnx2x_get_ext_phy_fw_version()
for the trailing %NUL.
- Correct the needed buffer size in bnx2x_3_seq_format_ver().
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202401260858.jZN6vD1k-lkp@intel.com/
Cc: Ariel Elior <aelior@marvell.com>
Cc: Sudarsana Kalluru <skalluru@marvell.com>
Cc: Manish Chopra <manishc@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240126041044.work.220-kees@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
[ Upstream commit d6b27eb997 ]
In 'ath_ant_try_scan()', (most likely) the 2nd LNA's signal
strength should be used in comparison against RSSI when
selecting first LNA as the main one. Compile tested only.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with SVACE.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Antipov <dmantipov@yandex.ru>
Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@toke.dk>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <quic_kvalo@quicinc.com>
Link: https://msgid.link/20231211172502.25202-1-dmantipov@yandex.ru
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
commit 3b0daecfea upstream.
This uses calloc instead of doing the multiplication which might
overflow.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 2bb69f5fc7 upstream.
Part of a merge commit from Linus that adjusted the default setting of
SPECTRE_BHI_ON.
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Intel processors that aren't vulnerable to BHI will set
commit ed2e8d49b5 upstream.
MSR_IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES[BHI_NO] = 1;. Guests may use this BHI_NO bit to
determine if they need to implement BHI mitigations or not. Allow this bit
to be passed to the guests.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 95a6ccbdc7 upstream.
BHI mitigation mode spectre_bhi=auto does not deploy the software
mitigation by default. In a cloud environment, it is a likely scenario
where userspace is trusted but the guests are not trusted. Deploying
system wide mitigation in such cases is not desirable.
Update the auto mode to unconditionally mitigate against malicious
guests. Deploy the software sequence at VMexit in auto mode also, when
hardware mitigation is not available. Unlike the force =on mode,
software sequence is not deployed at syscalls in auto mode.
Suggested-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit ec9404e40e upstream.
Branch history clearing software sequences and hardware control
BHI_DIS_S were defined to mitigate Branch History Injection (BHI).
Add cmdline spectre_bhi={on|off|auto} to control BHI mitigation:
auto - Deploy the hardware mitigation BHI_DIS_S, if available.
on - Deploy the hardware mitigation BHI_DIS_S, if available,
otherwise deploy the software sequence at syscall entry and
VMexit.
off - Turn off BHI mitigation.
The default is auto mode which does not deploy the software sequence
mitigation. This is because of the hardening done in the syscall
dispatch path, which is the likely target of BHI.
Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 0f4a837615 upstream.
Newer processors supports a hardware control BHI_DIS_S to mitigate
Branch History Injection (BHI). Setting BHI_DIS_S protects the kernel
from userspace BHI attacks without having to manually overwrite the
branch history.
Define MSR_SPEC_CTRL bit BHI_DIS_S and its enumeration CPUID.BHI_CTRL.
Mitigation is enabled later.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 7390db8aea upstream.
Branch History Injection (BHI) attacks may allow a malicious application to
influence indirect branch prediction in kernel by poisoning the branch
history. eIBRS isolates indirect branch targets in ring0. The BHB can
still influence the choice of indirect branch predictor entry, and although
branch predictor entries are isolated between modes when eIBRS is enabled,
the BHB itself is not isolated between modes.
Alder Lake and new processors supports a hardware control BHI_DIS_S to
mitigate BHI. For older processors Intel has released a software sequence
to clear the branch history on parts that don't support BHI_DIS_S. Add
support to execute the software sequence at syscall entry and VMexit to
overwrite the branch history.
For now, branch history is not cleared at interrupt entry, as malicious
applications are not believed to have sufficient control over the
registers, since previous register state is cleared at interrupt
entry. Researchers continue to poke at this area and it may become
necessary to clear at interrupt entry as well in the future.
This mitigation is only defined here. It is enabled later.
Signed-off-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
Co-developed-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 1e3ad78334 upstream.
Make <asm/syscall.h> build a switch statement instead, and the compiler can
either decide to generate an indirect jump, or - more likely these days due
to mitigations - just a series of conditional branches.
Yes, the conditional branches also have branch prediction, but the branch
prediction is much more controlled, in that it just causes speculatively
running the wrong system call (harmless), rather than speculatively running
possibly wrong random less controlled code gadgets.
This doesn't mitigate other indirect calls, but the system call indirection
is the first and most easily triggered case.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 0cd01ac5dc upstream.
Change the format of the 'spectre_v2' vulnerabilities sysfs file
slightly by converting the commas to semicolons, so that mitigations for
future variants can be grouped together and separated by commas.
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sneddon <daniel.sneddon@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 31a5978243 upstream.
In the function nvme_passthru_end(), only the value of the command
opcode is checked, without checking the command type (IO command or
Admin command). When we send a Dataset Management command (The opcode
of the Dataset Management command is the same as the Set Feature
command), kernel thinks it is a set feature command, then sets the
controller's keep alive interval, and calls nvme_keep_alive_work().
Signed-off-by: min15.li <min15.li@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Kanchan Joshi <joshi.k@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Fixes: b58da2d270 ("nvme: update keep alive interval when kato is modified")
Signed-off-by: Tokunori Ikegami <ikegami.t@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 65291dcfcf upstream.
folio_is_secretmem() currently relies on secretmem folios being LRU
folios, to save some cycles.
However, folios might reside in a folio batch without the LRU flag set, or
temporarily have their LRU flag cleared. Consequently, the LRU flag is
unreliable for this purpose.
In particular, this is the case when secretmem_fault() allocates a fresh
page and calls filemap_add_folio()->folio_add_lru(). The folio might be
added to the per-cpu folio batch and won't get the LRU flag set until the
batch was drained using e.g., lru_add_drain().
Consequently, folio_is_secretmem() might not detect secretmem folios and
GUP-fast can succeed in grabbing a secretmem folio, crashing the kernel
when we would later try reading/writing to the folio, because the folio
has been unmapped from the directmap.
Fix it by removing that unreliable check.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240326143210.291116-2-david@redhat.com
Fixes: 1507f51255 ("mm: introduce memfd_secret system call to create "secret" memory areas")
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reported-by: xingwei lee <xrivendell7@gmail.com>
Reported-by: yue sun <samsun1006219@gmail.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CABOYnLyevJeravW=QrH0JUPYEcDN160aZFb7kwndm-J2rmz0HQ@mail.gmail.com/
Debugged-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Tested-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 629b35a225 upstream.
Just like displaying "invert" after "Info: ", "simult" should be
displayed too when rm_subflow_nr doesn't match the expect value in
chk_rm_nr():
syn [ ok ]
synack [ ok ]
ack [ ok ]
add [ ok ]
echo [ ok ]
rm [ ok ]
rmsf [ ok ] 3 in [2:4]
Info: invert simult
syn [ ok ]
synack [ ok ]
ack [ ok ]
add [ ok ]
echo [ ok ]
rm [ ok ]
rmsf [ ok ]
Info: invert
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Baerts <matttbe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Geliang Tang <geliang.tang@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Mat Martineau <martineau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231025-send-net-next-20231025-v1-10-db8f25f798eb@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 7a1b3490f4 upstream.
Current MPTCP servers increment MPTcpExtMPCapableFallbackACK when they
accept non-MPC connections. As reported by Christoph, this is "surprising"
because the counter might become greater than MPTcpExtMPCapableSYNRX.
MPTcpExtMPCapableFallbackACK counter's name suggests it should only be
incremented when a connection was seen using MPTCP options, then a
fallback to TCP has been done. Let's do that by incrementing it when
the subflow context of an inbound MPC connection attempt is dropped.
Also, update mptcp_connect.sh kselftest, to ensure that the
above MIB does not increment in case a pure TCP client connects to a
MPTCP server.
Fixes: fc518953bc ("mptcp: add and use MIB counter infrastructure")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Christoph Paasch <cpaasch@apple.com>
Closes: https://github.com/multipath-tcp/mptcp_net-next/issues/449
Signed-off-by: Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Mat Martineau <martineau@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240329-upstream-net-20240329-fallback-mib-v1-1-324a8981da48@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 40061817d9 upstream.
There's a bug in pm_nl_check_endpoint(), 'dev' didn't be parsed correctly.
If calling it in the 2nd test of endpoint_tests() too, it fails with an
error like this:
creation [FAIL] expected '10.0.2.2 id 2 subflow dev dev' \
found '10.0.2.2 id 2 subflow dev ns2eth2'
The reason is '$2' should be set to 'dev', not '$1'. This patch fixes it.
Fixes: 69c6ce7b6e ("selftests: mptcp: add implicit endpoint test case")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Geliang Tang <tanggeliang@kylinos.cn>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240329-upstream-net-20240329-fallback-mib-v1-2-324a8981da48@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
[ Conflicts in mptcp_join.sh: only the fix has been added, not the
verification because this modified subtest is quite different in
v6.1: to add this verification, we would need to change a bit the
subtest: pm_nl_check_endpoint() takes an extra argument for the
title, the next chk_subflow_nr() will no longer need the title, etc.
Easier with only the fix without the extra test. ]
Signed-off-by: Matthieu Baerts (NGI0) <matttbe@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit e0e50401cc upstream.
Skip sessions that are being teared down (status == SES_EXITING) to
avoid UAF.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paulo Alcantara (Red Hat) <pc@manguebit.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 63981561ff upstream.
Skip sessions that are being teared down (status == SES_EXITING) to
avoid UAF.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paulo Alcantara (Red Hat) <pc@manguebit.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 69ccf040ac upstream.
Skip sessions that are being teared down (status == SES_EXITING) to
avoid UAF.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paulo Alcantara (Red Hat) <pc@manguebit.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 705c76fbf7 upstream.
Skip sessions that are being teared down (status == SES_EXITING) to
avoid UAF.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paulo Alcantara (Red Hat) <pc@manguebit.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 22863485a4 upstream.
Skip sessions that are being teared down (status == SES_EXITING) to
avoid UAF.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paulo Alcantara (Red Hat) <pc@manguebit.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 0865ffefea upstream.
Skip sessions that are being teared down (status == SES_EXITING) to
avoid UAF.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paulo Alcantara (Red Hat) <pc@manguebit.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d3da25c5ac upstream.
Skip sessions that are being teared down (status == SES_EXITING) to
avoid UAF.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paulo Alcantara (Red Hat) <pc@manguebit.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit ca545b7f08 upstream.
Skip sessions that are being teared down (status == SES_EXITING) to
avoid UAF.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paulo Alcantara (Red Hat) <pc@manguebit.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 173217bd73 upstream.
In the current implementation, CIFS close sends a close to the
server and does not check for the success of the server close.
This patch adds functionality to check for server close return
status and retries in case of an EBUSY or EAGAIN error.
This can help avoid handle leaks
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ritvik Budhiraja <rbudhiraja@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d14fa1fcf6 upstream.
childregs represents the registers which are active for the new thread
in user context. For a kernel thread, childregs->gp is never used since
the kernel gp is not touched by switch_to. For a user mode helper, the
gp value can be observed in user space after execve or possibly by other
means.
[From the email thread]
The /* Kernel thread */ comment is somewhat inaccurate in that it is also used
for user_mode_helper threads, which exec a user process, e.g. /sbin/init or
when /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern is a pipe. Such threads do not have
PF_KTHREAD set and are valid targets for ptrace etc. even before they exec.
childregs is the *user* context during syscall execution and it is observable
from userspace in at least five ways:
1. kernel_execve does not currently clear integer registers, so the starting
register state for PID 1 and other user processes started by the kernel has
sp = user stack, gp = kernel __global_pointer$, all other integer registers
zeroed by the memset in the patch comment.
This is a bug in its own right, but I'm unwilling to bet that it is the only
way to exploit the issue addressed by this patch.
2. ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGSET): you can PTRACE_ATTACH to a user_mode_helper thread
before it execs, but ptrace requires SIGSTOP to be delivered which can only
happen at user/kernel boundaries.
3. /proc/*/task/*/syscall: this is perfectly happy to read pt_regs for
user_mode_helpers before the exec completes, but gp is not one of the
registers it returns.
4. PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER: LOCKDOWN_PERF normally prevents access to kernel
addresses via PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_INTR, but due to this bug kernel addresses
are also exposed via PERF_SAMPLE_REGS_USER which is permitted under
LOCKDOWN_PERF. I have not attempted to write exploit code.
5. Much of the tracing infrastructure allows access to user registers. I have
not attempted to determine which forms of tracing allow access to user
registers without already allowing access to kernel registers.
Fixes: 7db91e57a0 ("RISC-V: Task implementation")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Stefan O'Rear <sorear@fastmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240327061258.2370291-1-sorear@fastmail.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d080a08b06 upstream.
These macros did not initialize __kr_err, so they could fail even if
the access did not fault.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: d464118cdc ("riscv: implement __get_kernel_nofault and __put_user_nofault")
Signed-off-by: Samuel Holland <samuel.holland@sifive.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com>
Reviewed-by: Charlie Jenkins <charlie@rivosinc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240312022030.320789-1-samuel.holland@sifive.com
Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 378ca2d2ad upstream.
Align system call table on 8 bytes. With sys_call_table entry size
of 8 bytes that eliminates the possibility of a system call pointer
crossing cache line boundary.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Suggested-by: Ulrich Weigand <ulrich.weigand@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sumanth Korikkar <sumanthk@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 99485c4c02 upstream.
There are few uses of CoCo that don't rely on working cryptography and
hence a working RNG. Unfortunately, the CoCo threat model means that the
VM host cannot be trusted and may actively work against guests to
extract secrets or manipulate computation. Since a malicious host can
modify or observe nearly all inputs to guests, the only remaining source
of entropy for CoCo guests is RDRAND.
If RDRAND is broken -- due to CPU hardware fault -- the RNG as a whole
is meant to gracefully continue on gathering entropy from other sources,
but since there aren't other sources on CoCo, this is catastrophic.
This is mostly a concern at boot time when initially seeding the RNG, as
after that the consequences of a broken RDRAND are much more
theoretical.
So, try at boot to seed the RNG using 256 bits of RDRAND output. If this
fails, panic(). This will also trigger if the system is booted without
RDRAND, as RDRAND is essential for a safe CoCo boot.
Add this deliberately to be "just a CoCo x86 driver feature" and not
part of the RNG itself. Many device drivers and platforms have some
desire to contribute something to the RNG, and add_device_randomness()
is specifically meant for this purpose.
Any driver can call it with seed data of any quality, or even garbage
quality, and it can only possibly make the quality of the RNG better or
have no effect, but can never make it worse.
Rather than trying to build something into the core of the RNG, consider
the particular CoCo issue just a CoCo issue, and therefore separate it
all out into driver (well, arch/platform) code.
[ bp: Massage commit message. ]
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Elena Reshetova <elena.reshetova@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240326160735.73531-1-Jason@zx2c4.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 3ddf944b32 upstream.
Modifying a MCA bank's MCA_CTL bits which control which error types to
be reported is done over
/sys/devices/system/machinecheck/
├── machinecheck0
│ ├── bank0
│ ├── bank1
│ ├── bank10
│ ├── bank11
...
sysfs nodes by writing the new bit mask of events to enable.
When the write is accepted, the kernel deletes all current timers and
reinits all banks.
Doing that in parallel can lead to initializing a timer which is already
armed and in the timer wheel, i.e., in use already:
ODEBUG: init active (active state 0) object: ffff888063a28000 object
type: timer_list hint: mce_timer_fn+0x0/0x240 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mce/core.c:2642
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 8120 at lib/debugobjects.c:514
debug_print_object+0x1a0/0x2a0 lib/debugobjects.c:514
Fix that by grabbing the sysfs mutex as the rest of the MCA sysfs code
does.
Reported by: Yue Sun <samsun1006219@gmail.com>
Reported by: xingwei lee <xrivendell7@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CAEkJfYNiENwQY8yV1LYJ9LjJs%2Bx_-PqMv98gKig55=2vbzffRw@mail.gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 04c35ab3bd upstream.
PAT handling won't do the right thing in COW mappings: the first PTE (or,
in fact, all PTEs) can be replaced during write faults to point at anon
folios. Reliably recovering the correct PFN and cachemode using
follow_phys() from PTEs will not work in COW mappings.
Using follow_phys(), we might just get the address+protection of the anon
folio (which is very wrong), or fail on swap/nonswap entries, failing
follow_phys() and triggering a WARN_ON_ONCE() in untrack_pfn() and
track_pfn_copy(), not properly calling free_pfn_range().
In free_pfn_range(), we either wouldn't call memtype_free() or would call
it with the wrong range, possibly leaking memory.
To fix that, let's update follow_phys() to refuse returning anon folios,
and fallback to using the stored PFN inside vma->vm_pgoff for COW mappings
if we run into that.
We will now properly handle untrack_pfn() with COW mappings, where we
don't need the cachemode. We'll have to fail fork()->track_pfn_copy() if
the first page was replaced by an anon folio, though: we'd have to store
the cachemode in the VMA to make this work, likely growing the VMA size.
For now, lets keep it simple and let track_pfn_copy() just fail in that
case: it would have failed in the past with swap/nonswap entries already,
and it would have done the wrong thing with anon folios.
Simple reproducer to trigger the WARN_ON_ONCE() in untrack_pfn():
<--- C reproducer --->
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <liburing.h>
int main(void)
{
struct io_uring_params p = {};
int ring_fd;
size_t size;
char *map;
ring_fd = io_uring_setup(1, &p);
if (ring_fd < 0) {
perror("io_uring_setup");
return 1;
}
size = p.sq_off.array + p.sq_entries * sizeof(unsigned);
/* Map the submission queue ring MAP_PRIVATE */
map = mmap(0, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE,
ring_fd, IORING_OFF_SQ_RING);
if (map == MAP_FAILED) {
perror("mmap");
return 1;
}
/* We have at least one page. Let's COW it. */
*map = 0;
pause();
return 0;
}
<--- C reproducer --->
On a system with 16 GiB RAM and swap configured:
# ./iouring &
# memhog 16G
# killall iouring
[ 301.552930] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 301.553285] WARNING: CPU: 7 PID: 1402 at arch/x86/mm/pat/memtype.c:1060 untrack_pfn+0xf4/0x100
[ 301.553989] Modules linked in: binfmt_misc nft_fib_inet nft_fib_ipv4 nft_fib_ipv6 nft_fib nft_reject_g
[ 301.558232] CPU: 7 PID: 1402 Comm: iouring Not tainted 6.7.5-100.fc38.x86_64 #1
[ 301.558772] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebu4
[ 301.559569] RIP: 0010:untrack_pfn+0xf4/0x100
[ 301.559893] Code: 75 c4 eb cf 48 8b 43 10 8b a8 e8 00 00 00 3b 6b 28 74 b8 48 8b 7b 30 e8 ea 1a f7 000
[ 301.561189] RSP: 0018:ffffba2c0377fab8 EFLAGS: 00010282
[ 301.561590] RAX: 00000000ffffffea RBX: ffff9208c8ce9cc0 RCX: 000000010455e047
[ 301.562105] RDX: 07fffffff0eb1e0a RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff9208c391d200
[ 301.562628] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: ffffba2c0377fab8 R09: 0000000000000000
[ 301.563145] R10: ffff9208d2292d50 R11: 0000000000000002 R12: 00007fea890e0000
[ 301.563669] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffffba2c0377fc08 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 301.564186] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff920c2fbc0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 301.564773] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 301.565197] CR2: 00007fea88ee8a20 CR3: 00000001033a8000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0
[ 301.565725] PKRU: 55555554
[ 301.565944] Call Trace:
[ 301.566148] <TASK>
[ 301.566325] ? untrack_pfn+0xf4/0x100
[ 301.566618] ? __warn+0x81/0x130
[ 301.566876] ? untrack_pfn+0xf4/0x100
[ 301.567163] ? report_bug+0x171/0x1a0
[ 301.567466] ? handle_bug+0x3c/0x80
[ 301.567743] ? exc_invalid_op+0x17/0x70
[ 301.568038] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20
[ 301.568363] ? untrack_pfn+0xf4/0x100
[ 301.568660] ? untrack_pfn+0x65/0x100
[ 301.568947] unmap_single_vma+0xa6/0xe0
[ 301.569247] unmap_vmas+0xb5/0x190
[ 301.569532] exit_mmap+0xec/0x340
[ 301.569801] __mmput+0x3e/0x130
[ 301.570051] do_exit+0x305/0xaf0
...
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240403212131.929421-3-david@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Wupeng Ma <mawupeng1@huawei.com>
Closes: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240227122814.3781907-1-mawupeng1@huawei.com
Fixes: b1a86e15dc ("x86, pat: remove the dependency on 'vm_pgoff' in track/untrack pfn vma routines")
Fixes: 5899329b19 ("x86: PAT: implement track/untrack of pfnmap regions for x86 - v3")
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 8917e73853 upstream.
In the following sequence:
1) of_platform_depopulate()
2) of_overlay_remove()
During the step 1, devices are destroyed and devlinks are removed.
During the step 2, OF nodes are destroyed but
__of_changeset_entry_destroy() can raise warnings related to missing
of_node_put():
ERROR: memory leak, expected refcount 1 instead of 2 ...
Indeed, during the devlink removals performed at step 1, the removal
itself releasing the device (and the attached of_node) is done by a job
queued in a workqueue and so, it is done asynchronously with respect to
function calls.
When the warning is present, of_node_put() will be called but wrongly
too late from the workqueue job.
In order to be sure that any ongoing devlink removals are done before
the of_node destruction, synchronize the of_changeset_destroy() with the
devlink removals.
Fixes: 80dd33cf72 ("drivers: base: Fix device link removal")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Herve Codina <herve.codina@bootlin.com>
Reviewed-by: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
Tested-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com>
Reviewed-by: Nuno Sa <nuno.sa@analog.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240325152140.198219-3-herve.codina@bootlin.com
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 0462c56c29 upstream.
The commit 80dd33cf72 ("drivers: base: Fix device link removal")
introduces a workqueue to release the consumer and supplier devices used
in the devlink.
In the job queued, devices are release and in turn, when all the
references to these devices are dropped, the release function of the
device itself is called.
Nothing is present to provide some synchronisation with this workqueue
in order to ensure that all ongoing releasing operations are done and
so, some other operations can be started safely.
For instance, in the following sequence:
1) of_platform_depopulate()
2) of_overlay_remove()
During the step 1, devices are released and related devlinks are removed
(jobs pushed in the workqueue).
During the step 2, OF nodes are destroyed but, without any
synchronisation with devlink removal jobs, of_overlay_remove() can raise
warnings related to missing of_node_put():
ERROR: memory leak, expected refcount 1 instead of 2
Indeed, the missing of_node_put() call is going to be done, too late,
from the workqueue job execution.
Introduce device_link_wait_removal() to offer a way to synchronize
operations waiting for the end of devlink removals (i.e. end of
workqueue jobs).
Also, as a flushing operation is done on the workqueue, the workqueue
used is moved from a system-wide workqueue to a local one.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Herve Codina <herve.codina@bootlin.com>
Tested-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com>
Reviewed-by: Nuno Sa <nuno.sa@analog.com>
Reviewed-by: Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240325152140.198219-2-herve.codina@bootlin.com
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 1576f263ee upstream.
This patch addresses an issue with the Panasonic CF-SZ6's existing quirk,
specifically its headset microphone functionality. Previously, the quirk
used ALC269_FIXUP_HEADSET_MODE, which does not support the CF-SZ6's design
of a single 3.5mm jack for both mic and audio output effectively. The
device uses pin 0x19 for the headset mic without jack detection.
Following verification on the CF-SZ6 and discussions with the original
patch author, i determined that the update to
ALC269_FIXUP_ASPIRE_HEADSET_MIC is the appropriate solution. This change
is custom-designed for the CF-SZ6's unique hardware setup, which includes
a single 3.5mm jack for both mic and audio output, connecting the headset
microphone to pin 0x19 without the use of jack detection.
Fixes: 0fca97a29b ("ALSA: hda/realtek - Add Panasonic CF-SZ6 headset jack quirk")
Signed-off-by: I Gede Agastya Darma Laksana <gedeagas22@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20240401174602.14133-1-gedeagas22@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit daf6c4681a upstream.
This patch adds the existing fixup to certain TF platforms implementing
the ALC274 codec with a headset jack. It fixes/activates the inactive
microphone of the headset.
Signed-off-by: Christoffer Sandberg <cs@tuxedo.de>
Signed-off-by: Werner Sembach <wse@tuxedocomputers.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20240328102757.50310-1-wse@tuxedocomputers.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 5ed11af19e upstream.
SMB2_GLOBAL_CAP_ENCRYPTION flag should be used only for 3.0 and
3.0.2 dialects. This flags set cause compatibility problems with
other SMB clients.
Reported-by: James Christopher Adduono <jc@adduono.com>
Tested-by: James Christopher Adduono <jc@adduono.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a677ebd8ca upstream.
If installing malicious ksmbd-tools, ksmbd.mountd can return invalid ipc
response to ksmbd kernel server. ksmbd should validate payload size of
ipc response from ksmbd.mountd to avoid memory overrun or
slab-out-of-bounds. This patch validate 3 ipc response that has payload.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Chao Ma <machao2019@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit b377c66ae3 upstream.
srso_alias_untrain_ret() is special code, even if it is a dummy
which is called in the !SRSO case, so annotate it like its real
counterpart, to address the following objtool splat:
vmlinux.o: warning: objtool: .export_symbol+0x2b290: data relocation to !ENDBR: srso_alias_untrain_ret+0x0
Fixes: 4535e1a417 ("x86/bugs: Fix the SRSO mitigation on Zen3/4")
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240405144637.17908-1-bp@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
[ Upstream commit 10396f4df8 ]
Currently the CB_RECALL_ANY job takes a cl_rpc_users reference to the
client. While a callback job is technically an RPC that counter is
really more for client-driven RPCs, and this has the effect of
preventing the client from being unhashed until the callback completes.
If nfsd decides to send a CB_RECALL_ANY just as the client reboots, we
can end up in a situation where the callback can't complete on the (now
dead) callback channel, but the new client can't connect because the old
client can't be unhashed. This usually manifests as a NFS4ERR_DELAY
return on the CREATE_SESSION operation.
The job is only holding a reference to the client so it can clear a flag
after the RPC completes. Fix this by having CB_RECALL_ANY instead hold a
reference to the cl_nfsdfs.cl_ref. Typically we only take that sort of
reference when dealing with the nfsdfs info files, but it should work
appropriately here to ensure that the nfs4_client doesn't disappear.
Fixes: 44df6f439a ("NFSD: add delegation reaper to react to low memory condition")
Reported-by: Vladimir Benes <vbenes@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
[ Upstream commit 3137b83a90 ]
Building with W=1 shows a warning for an unused variable when CONFIG_PCI
is diabled:
drivers/ata/sata_mv.c:790:35: error: unused variable 'mv_pci_tbl' [-Werror,-Wunused-const-variable]
static const struct pci_device_id mv_pci_tbl[] = {
Move the table into the same block that containsn the pci_driver
definition.
Fixes: 7bb3c5290c ("sata_mv: Remove PCI dependency")
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
[ Upstream commit e9e62243a3 ]
When we're engaged in local caching of a cifs filesystem, we cannot perform
caching of a partially written cache granule unless we can read the rest of
the granule. This can result in unexpected access errors being reported to
the user.
Fix this by the following: if a file is opened O_WRONLY locally, but the
mount was given the "-o fsc" flag, try first opening the remote file with
GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE and if that returns -EACCES, try dropping the
GENERIC_READ and doing the open again. If that last succeeds, invalidate
the cache for that file as for O_DIRECT.
Fixes: 70431bfd82 ("cifs: Support fscache indexing rewrite")
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
cc: Steve French <sfrench@samba.org>
cc: Shyam Prasad N <nspmangalore@gmail.com>
cc: Rohith Surabattula <rohiths.msft@gmail.com>
cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
cc: linux-cifs@vger.kernel.org
cc: netfs@lists.linux.dev
cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org>
