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Linux kernel stable tree
6dd21ad81b
HDA uses a timecounter to read a hardware clock running at 24 MHz. The
conversion factor is set with a mult value of 125 and a shift value of 0,
which is not converting the hardware clock to nanoseconds, it is converting
to 1/3 nanoseconds because the conversion factor from 24Mhz to nanoseconds
is 125/3. The usage sites divide the "nanoseconds" value returned by
timecounter_read() by 3 to get a real nanoseconds value.
There is a lengthy comment in azx_timecounter_init() explaining this
choice. That comment makes blatantly wrong assumptions about how
timecounters work and what can overflow.
The comment says:
* Applying the 1/3 factor as part of the multiplication
* requires at least 20 bits for a decent precision, however
* overflows occur after about 4 hours or less, not a option.
timecounters operate on time deltas between two readouts of a clock and use
the mult/shift pair to calculate a precise nanoseconds value:
delta_nsec = (delta_clock * mult) >> shift;
The fractional part is also taken into account and preserved to prevent
accumulated rounding errors. For details see cyclecounter_cyc2ns().
The mult/shift pair has to be chosen so that the multiplication of the
maximum expected delta value does not result in a 64bit overflow. As the
counter wraps around on 32bit, the maximum observable delta between two
reads is (1 << 32) - 1 which is about 178.9 seconds.
That in turn means the maximum multiplication factor which fits into an u32
will not cause a 64bit overflow ever because it's guaranteed that:
((1 << 32) - 1) ^ 2 < (1 << 64)
The resulting correct multiplication factor is 2796202667 and the shift
value is 26, i.e. 26 bit precision. The overflow of the multiplication
would happen exactly at a clock readout delta of 6597069765 which is way
after the wrap around of the hardware clock at around 274.8 seconds which
is off from the claimed 4 hours by more than an order of magnitude.
If the counter ever wraps around the last read value then the calculation
is off by the number of wrap arounds times 178.9 seconds because the
overflow cannot be observed.
Use clocks_calc_mult_shift(), which calculates the most accurate mult/shift
pair based on the given clock frequency, and remove the bogus comment along
with the divisions at the readout sites.
Fixes:
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| arch | ||
| block | ||
| certs | ||
| crypto | ||
| Documentation | ||
| drivers | ||
| fs | ||
| include | ||
| init | ||
| ipc | ||
| kernel | ||
| lib | ||
| LICENSES | ||
| mm | ||
| net | ||
| samples | ||
| scripts | ||
| security | ||
| sound | ||
| tools | ||
| usr | ||
| virt | ||
| .clang-format | ||
| .cocciconfig | ||
| .get_maintainer.ignore | ||
| .gitattributes | ||
| .gitignore | ||
| .mailmap | ||
| COPYING | ||
| CREDITS | ||
| Kbuild | ||
| Kconfig | ||
| MAINTAINERS | ||
| Makefile | ||
| README | ||
Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.